School of Veterinary and Life Sciences, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia, Australia
Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong.
Clin Microbiol Rev. 2017 Nov 29;31(1). doi: 10.1128/CMR.00087-17. Print 2018 Jan.
is a slow-growing anaerobic spirochete that colonizes the large intestine. Colonization occurs commonly in pigs and adult chickens, causing colitis/typhlitis, diarrhea, poor growth rates, and reduced production. Colonization of humans also is common in some populations (individuals living in village and peri-urban settings in developing countries, recent immigrants from developing countries, homosexual males, and HIV-positive patients), but the spirochete rarely is investigated as a potential human enteric pathogen. In part this is due to its slow growth and specialized growth requirements, meaning that it is not detectable in human fecal samples using routine diagnostic methods. Nevertheless, it has been identified histologically attached to the colon and rectum in patients with conditions such as chronic diarrhea, rectal bleeding, and/or nonspecific abdominal discomfort, and one survey of Australian Aboriginal children showed that colonization was significantly associated with failure to thrive. has been detected in the bloodstream of elderly patients or individuals with chronic conditions such as alcoholism and malignancies. This review describes the spirochete and associated diseases. It aims to encourage clinicians and clinical microbiologists to consider in their differential diagnoses and to develop and use appropriate diagnostic protocols to identify the spirochete in clinical specimens.
是一种生长缓慢的厌氧螺旋体，定植于大肠。定植在猪和成年鸡中很常见，导致结肠炎/回肠炎、腹泻、生长不良和产量降低。在某些人群中，人类的定植也很常见（生活在发展中国家的村庄和城市周边环境中的个体、来自发展中国家的新移民、男同性恋者和 HIV 阳性患者），但很少将该螺旋体作为潜在的人类肠道病原体进行调查。部分原因是其生长缓慢且生长要求特殊，这意味着使用常规诊断方法无法在人类粪便样本中检测到它。尽管如此，在患有慢性腹泻、直肠出血和/或非特异性腹部不适等疾病的患者的结肠和直肠中，已经通过组织学鉴定到该螺旋体，并且对澳大利亚原住民儿童的一项调查显示，定植与生长不良显著相关。该螺旋体已在老年患者或患有慢性疾病（如酗酒和恶性肿瘤）的患者的血液中被检测到。这篇综述描述了该螺旋体及其相关疾病。它旨在鼓励临床医生和临床微生物学家在鉴别诊断中考虑到该螺旋体，并开发和使用适当的诊断方案来识别临床标本中的螺旋体。
