Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, England.
Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Department of Physiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
JAMA Cardiol. 2018 Feb 1;3(2):169-176. doi: 10.1001/jamacardio.2017.4495.
Exercise reduces the risk of cardiovascular events, including through an underrecognized, clinically useful form of acute cardioprotection accessible after a single episode of exercise, which is called cardiovascular preconditioning.
Preclinical evidence shows that 1 to 3 episodes of exercise per week will provide strong cardioprotection; gradual, modest cardiovascular risk factor modification or physiological artery remodeling cannot fully explain these benefits. This review highlights preclinical evidence that acute exercise-induced cardiac preconditioning has the ability to activate multiple pathways to confer immediate protection against ischemic events, reduce the severity of potentially lethal ischemic myocardiac injury, and act as a physiological first line of defense.
Independent of the protective benefits of long-term exercise training on risk factors and adaptation of the cardiovascular system, cardiovascular preconditioning may contribute to the immediate cardioprotection of exercise. In practical terms, this means that 1 episode of exercise can create clinically relevant cardioprotection.
运动可降低心血管事件的风险，包括通过一种单次运动后即可获得的、尚未被充分认识但具有临床实用价值的急性心脏保护作用，即心血管预适应。
临床前证据表明，每周进行 1 至 3 次运动即可提供强大的心脏保护作用；逐渐适度的心血管危险因素改变或生理性动脉重塑并不能完全解释这些益处。本综述重点介绍了临床前证据，表明急性运动引起的心脏预适应具有激活多种途径的能力，从而提供对缺血事件的即时保护、减轻潜在致命性缺血性心肌损伤的严重程度，并起到生理性第一道防线的作用。
独立于长期运动训练对心血管系统危险因素和适应性的保护作用，心血管预适应可能有助于运动的即时心脏保护。实际上，这意味着单次运动即可产生具有临床相关性的心脏保护作用。
