Giuffrida Michelle A, Farrar John T, Brown Dorothy Cimino
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2017 Dec 15;251(12):1405-1414. doi: 10.2460/javma.251.12.1405.
OBJECTIVE To describe development and initial psychometric testing of the Canine Symptom Assessment Scale (CSAS), a multidimensional owner-reported questionnaire instrument, in a population of dogs with solid tumors enrolled in clinical trials. DESIGN Questionnaire development and validation study. ANIMALS 238 client-owned dogs with solid tumors. PROCEDURES A 14-symptom questionnaire was developed. Symptoms were defined as subjective physical disturbances dogs experienced during the course of daily living as assessed through proxy reports of pet owners. For each symptom, owners reported frequency and severity of the symptom and extent of distress caused by the symptom for the dog and the owner. Questionnaire content, symptom prevalence and dimensionality, internal consistency, and factor structure were examined. Construct and criterion validity were examined via comparison with the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI). RESULTS Symptom prevalence was high, with pain and lack of energy reported in most dogs. Severity, versus frequency, was most highly correlated with both dog and owner distress. Two symptoms were removed from consideration because of poor performance. Analysis of the remaining 12 symptoms revealed that they could be grouped into 3 factors: malaise, anxiety, and digestive upset. The CSAS factor and total scores demonstrated predictable relationships with quality of life and pain scores as measured by the CBPI, including a significant association between increasing symptom burden and decreasing quality of life. The Cronbach α for the CSAS was 0.77. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE The 12-item CSAS was a psychometrically sound owner-reported instrument for assessment of symptom frequency and characteristics in client-owned dogs with solid tumors. Potential applications include clinical research and practice settings.
目的 描述犬症状评估量表（CSAS）的开发及初步心理测量学测试情况。CSAS是一种多维的、由主人报告的问卷调查工具，用于参与临床试验的实体瘤犬群体。设计 问卷开发与验证研究。动物 238只客户拥有的实体瘤犬。程序 开发了一份包含14个症状的问卷。症状被定义为通过宠物主人的代理报告评估的犬在日常生活中经历的主观身体不适。对于每个症状，主人报告症状的频率、严重程度以及该症状给犬和主人带来的痛苦程度。对问卷内容、症状患病率、维度、内部一致性和因子结构进行了检查。通过与犬简短疼痛量表（CBPI）比较来检验结构效度和效标效度。结果 症状患病率较高，大多数犬报告有疼痛和精力不足的情况。严重程度与频率相比，与犬和主人的痛苦程度相关性最高。由于表现不佳，两个症状被排除在考虑范围之外。对其余12个症状的分析表明，它们可分为3个因子：不适、焦虑和消化紊乱。CSAS因子得分和总分与CBPI测量的生活质量和疼痛得分呈现出可预测的关系，包括症状负担增加与生活质量下降之间存在显著关联。CSAS的Cronbach α系数为0.77。结论及临床意义 12项的CSAS是一种心理测量学上合理的、由主人报告的工具，用于评估客户拥有的实体瘤犬的症状频率和特征。潜在应用包括临床研究和实践环境。
