Greene L M, Royal K D, Bradley J M, Lascelles B D X, Johnson L R, Hawkins E C
Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.
Department of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA.
J Vet Intern Med. 2017 Jan;31(1):134-141. doi: 10.1111/jvim.14629. Epub 2016 Dec 25.
Effective treatments are needed for idiopathic chronic rhinitis in dogs, but assessment of efficacy requires a practical, quantifiable method for assessing severity of disease.
To develop and perform initial validity and reliability testing of an owner-completed questionnaire for assessing clinical signs and dog and owner quality of life (QOL) in canine chronic rhinitis.
Twenty-two dogs with histopathologically confirmed chronic rhinitis and 72 healthy dogs.
In this prospective study, an online questionnaire was created based on literature review and feedback from veterinarians, veterinary internists with respiratory expertise, and owners of dogs with rhinitis. Owners of affected dogs completed the questionnaire twice, 1 week apart, to test reliability. Healthy dogs were assessed once. Data were analyzed using the Rasch Rating Scale Model, and results were interpreted using Messick's framework for evaluating construct validity evidence.
Initial item generation resulted in 5 domains: nasal signs, paranasal signs, global rhinitis severity, and dog's and owner's QOL. A 25-item questionnaire was developed using 5-point Likert-type scales. No respondent found the questionnaire difficult to complete. Strong psychometric evidence was available to support the substantive, generalizability, content, and structural aspects of construct validity. Statistical differences were found between responses for affected and control dogs for all but 2 items. These items were eliminated, resulting in the 23-item Severity of Nasal Inflammatory Disease (SNIFLD) questionnaire.
The SNIFLD questionnaire provides a mechanism for repeated assessments of disease severity in dogs with chronic rhinitis.
犬特发性慢性鼻炎需要有效的治疗方法，但疗效评估需要一种实用、可量化的疾病严重程度评估方法。
开发并进行一项由主人完成的问卷的初步效度和信度测试，以评估犬慢性鼻炎的临床症状以及犬和主人的生活质量（QOL）。
22只经组织病理学确诊为慢性鼻炎的犬和72只健康犬。
在这项前瞻性研究中，基于文献综述以及兽医、有呼吸专业知识的兽医内科医生和鼻炎犬主人的反馈创建了一份在线问卷。患病犬的主人相隔1周填写两次问卷以测试信度。对健康犬进行一次评估。使用拉施评分量表模型分析数据，并使用梅西克评估结构效度证据的框架解释结果。
最初生成的项目分为5个领域：鼻部症状、鼻窦症状、整体鼻炎严重程度以及犬和主人的生活质量。使用5点李克特型量表开发了一份包含25个条目的问卷。没有受访者认为问卷难以完成。有强有力的心理测量学证据支持结构效度的实质性、可推广性、内容和结构方面。除2个项目外，患病犬和对照犬的回答在所有项目上均存在统计学差异。这2个项目被剔除，最终形成了包含23个条目的鼻炎症疾病严重程度（SNIFLD）问卷。
SNIFLD问卷为反复评估慢性鼻炎犬的疾病严重程度提供了一种机制。
