a Departamento de Tecnología de Alimentos , Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) , Madrid , Spain.
Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev. 2017 Oct;33(2):173-189. doi: 10.1080/02648725.2017.1408257. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
Over the last decade, there has been increasing interest in the use of probiotic microorganisms. However, certain doubts have arisen around probiotics, because of the beneficial effects of these microorganisms are not clear yet, and in many occasions those beneficial effects have not been proven. Therefore, it would be of interest if these probiotic strains were able to acquire new attributes to allow them improve and increase their beneficial characteristics. Genetic engineering can be used for human applications; for instance, the resistance to antibiotics is removed and the probiotic bacteria are modified in its own DNA. This process can be achieved by: (1) the use of food-grade vectors derived from lactic acid bacteria and/or bifidobacteria cryptic plasmids, (2) the genes integration or deletion in the chromosome of the probiotic strain, by site-specific recombination using the attP/integrase system, or by homologous recombination, using either suicide vectors, (3) using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and the CRISPR-associated (Cas) nuclease. Through genetic engineering, the knowledge of probiotic strains as well as its use could be improved, and the doubts about probiotics could be crumped.
在过去的十年中，人们对益生菌微生物的应用越来越感兴趣。然而，由于这些微生物的有益效果尚不清楚，而且在许多情况下，这些有益效果尚未得到证实，因此益生菌也引起了一些质疑。因此，如果这些益生菌菌株能够获得新的特性，使其能够改善和增加其有益特性，那将是非常有趣的。基因工程可用于人类应用；例如，去除抗生素抗性，并修饰益生菌自身的 DNA。这个过程可以通过以下方法实现：（1）使用来源于乳酸菌和/或双歧杆菌隐秘质粒的食品级载体；（2）通过使用 attP/整合酶系统的特异性重组，或者通过同源重组，使用自杀载体，将基因整合或缺失到益生菌菌株的染色体中；（3）使用成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列（CRISPR）和 CRISPR 相关（Cas）核酸酶。通过基因工程，可以提高对益生菌菌株的了解及其应用，并消除对益生菌的疑虑。
