a Enzyme Technology and Protein Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Microbiology , Maharshi Dayanand University , Rohtak , Haryana , India.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2018 Jul 3;58(10):1735-1746. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1274877. Epub 2017 Jul 21.
The applications of probiotics are significant and thus resulted in need of genome analysis of probiotic strains. Various omics methods and systems biology approaches enables us to understand and optimize the metabolic processes. These techniques have increased the researcher's attention towards gut microbiome and provided a new source for the revelation of uncharacterized biosynthetic pathways which enables novel metabolic engineering approaches. In recent years, the broad and quantitative analysis of modified strains relies on systems biology tools such as in silico design which are commonly used methods for improving strain performance. The genetic manipulation of probiotic microorganisms is crucial for defining their role in intestinal microbiota and exploring their beneficial properties. This review describes an overview of gene editing and systems biology approaches, highlighting the advent of omics methods which allows the study of new routes for studying probiotic bacteria. We have also summarized gene editing tools like TALEN, ZFNs and CRISPR-Cas that edits or cleave the specific target DNA. Furthermore, in this review an overview of proposed design of advanced customized probiotic is also hypothesized to improvise the probiotics.
益生菌的应用非常重要，因此需要对益生菌菌株进行基因组分析。各种组学方法和系统生物学方法使我们能够理解和优化代谢过程。这些技术增加了研究人员对肠道微生物组的关注，并为揭示未表征的生物合成途径提供了新的来源，从而实现了新的代谢工程方法。近年来，对改良菌株的广泛和定量分析依赖于系统生物学工具，如计算机设计，这是提高菌株性能的常用方法。益生菌微生物的遗传操作对于确定它们在肠道微生物群中的作用和探索它们的有益特性至关重要。本文综述了基因编辑和系统生物学方法，强调了组学方法的出现，这些方法允许研究益生菌细菌的新途径。我们还总结了 TALEN、ZFN 和 CRISPR-Cas 等基因编辑工具，这些工具可以编辑或切割特定的目标 DNA。此外，在这篇综述中，还假设了先进定制益生菌的设计方案，以改进益生菌。
