Vineland Research and Innovation Centre, 4890 Victoria Avenue North, PO Box 4000, Vineland Station, Ontario L0R 2E0, Canada.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2019 Jul;165:4-12. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2017.11.013. Epub 2017 Nov 28.
Historically, greenhouse floriculture has relied on synthetic insecticides to meet its pest control needs. But, growers are increasingly faced with the loss or failure of synthetic chemical pesticides, declining access to new chemistries, stricter environmental/health and safety regulations, and the need to produce plants in a manner that meets the 'sustainability' demands of a consumer driven market. In Canada, reports of thrips resistance to spinosad (Success™) within 6-12 months of its registration prompted a radical change in pest management philosophy and approach. Faced with a lack of registered chemical alternatives, growers turned to biological control out of necessity. Biological control now forms the foundation for pest management programs in Canadian floriculture greenhouses. Success in a biocontrol program is rarely achieved through the use of a single agent, though. Rather, it is realized through the concurrent use of biological, cultural and other strategies within an integrated plant production system. Microbial insecticides can play a critical supporting role in biologically-based integrated pest management (IPM) programs. They have unique modes of action and are active against a range of challenging pests. As commercial microbial insecticides have come to market, research to generate efficacy data has assisted their registration in Canada, and the development and adaptation of integrated programs has promoted uptake by floriculture growers. This review documents some of the work done to integrate microbial insecticides into chrysanthemum and poinsettia production systems, outlines current use practices, and identifies opportunities to improve efficacy in Canadian floriculture crops.
历史上，温室花卉种植一直依赖合成杀虫剂来满足其病虫害防治需求。但是，种植者越来越面临着合成化学农药的损失或失效、新化学物质的获取减少、更严格的环境/健康和安全法规，以及以满足消费者驱动市场的“可持续性”需求的方式生产植物的需要。在加拿大，关于蓟马对多杀菌素（Success™）的抗药性在其注册后 6-12 个月内的报告促使病虫害管理理念和方法发生了根本性变化。由于缺乏注册的化学替代品，种植者出于需要转而采用生物防治。生物防治现在构成了加拿大温室花卉种植中病虫害管理计划的基础。然而，生物防治计划很少通过单一药剂来实现成功。相反，它是通过在综合植物生产系统中同时使用生物、文化和其他策略来实现的。微生物杀虫剂在基于生物的综合病虫害管理（IPM）计划中可以发挥关键的支持作用。它们具有独特的作用方式，对一系列具有挑战性的害虫有效。随着商业微生物杀虫剂进入市场，为生成功效数据而开展的研究协助了它们在加拿大的注册，综合计划的开发和适应促进了花卉种植者的采用。本综述记录了将微生物杀虫剂整合到菊花和一品红生产系统中所做的一些工作，概述了当前的使用实践，并确定了提高加拿大花卉作物中功效的机会。
