Biocontrol and Insect Pathology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, School of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
University of California Cooperative Extension, 2156 Sierra Way, Ste. C, San Luis Obispo, CA 93401, United States.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2019 Jul;165:67-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.02.016. Epub 2018 Feb 21.
Biological control programs with arthropods have been in practice in Iran since the 1930s. However, development and registration of microbial biopesticides is much more recent. Currently, about 15 biopesticide products are registered or pending registration for commercial use on various crops. Products based on Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki are most widely sold for lepidopteran pest control, followed by B. thuringiensis subsp. isralensis against dipteran pests in vector control programs. Additionally, mycoinsecticides based on Lecanicillium lecanii and Beauveria bassiana, against various arthropod pests, and a mycofungicide based on Trichoderma harzianum for controlling soilborne diseases are also registered. In Iran, the national Plant Protection Organization (PPO) manages regulation of microbial pesticides and the Pesticide Supervision Board within the PPO oversees registration of all pesticides. Currently, two Iranian companies produce microbial pesticides and two more companies are approved to start production in the near future. We review the history of microbial control of arthropod pests in Iran with examples of sustainable agricultural practices, the current status of the market and registration procedures for microbial pesticides, along with the challenges and opportunities for the advancement of microbial control in Iran.
自 20 世纪 30 年代以来，伊朗就一直在实施以节肢动物为基础的生物防治计划。然而，微生物生物农药的开发和注册则是最近才出现的。目前，约有 15 种生物农药产品已注册或正在等待注册，可用于各种作物的商业用途。基于苏云金芽孢杆菌亚种 kurstaki 的产品是最广泛销售的用于鳞翅目害虫防治的产品，其次是 B. thuringiensis subsp. isralensis，用于病媒控制计划中的双翅目害虫防治。此外，还注册了基于蜡蚧轮枝菌和球孢白僵菌的真菌杀虫剂，用于防治各种节肢动物害虫，以及基于哈茨木霉的真菌杀菌剂，用于防治土传病害。在伊朗，国家植物保护组织（PPO）负责管理微生物农药的监管，PPO 内的农药监督委员会负责监督所有农药的注册。目前，有两家伊朗公司生产微生物农药，另外两家公司也即将获得生产许可。我们回顾了伊朗以节肢动物为基础的生物防治的历史，介绍了可持续农业实践的实例，目前的市场状况以及微生物农药的注册程序，同时还探讨了伊朗在微生物防治方面面临的挑战和机遇。
