Embrapa Meio Ambiente, Rodovia SP 340, km 127,5, S/N - Tanquinho Velho, Jaguariúna, SP 13820-000, Brazil.
Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia, Parque Estação Biológica, W5 Norte, Brasília, DF 70770-917, Brazil.
J Invertebr Pathol. 2019 Jul;165:46-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jip.2018.01.001. Epub 2018 Jan 12.
Entomopathogenic fungi play a central role in Brazil's biopesticide market. Approximately 50% of registered microbial biopesticides comprise mycoinsecticides and/or mycoacaricides consisting of hypocrealean fungi, with most based on Metarhizium anisopliae sensu stricto (s. str.) and Beauveria bassiana s. str. These fungi are mainly used to control spittlebugs in sugarcane fields and whiteflies in row crops, respectively, with annual applications surpassing three million hectares. Research also emphasizes the potential of fungal entomopathogens to manage arthropod vectors of human diseases. Most registered fungal formulations comprise wettable powders or technical (non-formulated) products, with relatively few new developments in formulation technology. Despite the large area treated with mycoinsecticides (i.e., approx. 2 million ha of sugarcane treated with M. anisopliae and 1.5 million ha of soybean treated with B. bassiana), their market share remains small compared with the chemical insecticide market. Nevertheless, several major agricultural companies are investing in fungus-based products with the aim at achieving more sustainable IPM programs for major pests in both organic and conventional crops. Government and private research groups are pursuing innovative technologies for mass production, formulation, product stability and quality control, which will support cost-effective commercial mycoinsecticides. Here, we summarize the status of mycoinsecticides currently available in Brazil and discuss future prospects.
昆虫病原真菌在巴西生物农药市场中发挥着核心作用。约 50%注册的微生物生物农药由昆虫病原真菌组成，包括半知菌类真菌，其中大多数基于严格意义上的金龟子绿僵菌（s. str.）和球孢白僵菌 s. str.。这些真菌主要用于分别防治甘蔗田中的沫蝉和作物中的粉虱，年应用面积超过三百万公顷。研究还强调了真菌昆虫病原物在管理人类疾病的节肢动物传播媒介方面的潜力。大多数注册的真菌制剂由可湿性粉剂或技术（未配制）产品组成，在制剂技术方面的新发展相对较少。尽管使用了大量的昆虫病原真菌（即，约 200 万公顷甘蔗用绿僵菌和 150 万公顷大豆用白僵菌处理），但与化学杀虫剂市场相比，其市场份额仍然很小。然而，几家大型农业公司正在投资基于真菌的产品，旨在为有机和常规作物中的主要害虫实现更可持续的综合虫害管理（IPM）计划。政府和私人研究小组正在寻求大规模生产、制剂、产品稳定性和质量控制的创新技术，这将支持具有成本效益的商业用昆虫病原真菌。在这里，我们总结了巴西目前可用的昆虫病原真菌的现状，并讨论了未来的前景。
