Lucander Henriette
Ms. Lucander is Lecturer in Media Technology and a Ph.D. student in pedagogy, Faculty of Technology and Society, Malmo University, Malmo, Sweden.
J Dent Educ. 2017 Dec;81(12):1463-1471. doi: 10.21815/JDE.017.108.
Evidence suggests that involving patients in health care decisions has a positive impact on health care outcomes and patients' perception of quality. However, the extent to which dental students are trained in communication and shared decision making (SDM) differs, and studies have identified a need for intensified learning and assessment of this competence. A need to more clearly define and operationalize what it means to be proficient in this area has been identified. The aim of this study was to operationalize communicative and relational skills in a comprehensive assessment instrument for SDM. Relevant skills in information exchange, negotiation, communication, and relationship-building were identified through an extensive review of previous research and instruments for assessing communication competence. Indicators for assessing these skills were formulated. The instrument was submitted to a pilot test in 2016 and evaluated on test content, internal structure, and response processes. The Assessment of Shared Decision Making (ASDM) instrument consists of 18 items addressing various aspects of the construct and three types of skills. Findings suggest that the ASDM represents a valid measure of SDM with three major components. The importance of developing the ASDM lies both in the summative assessment of students' communication with patients and for formative assessment purposes. Once identified, the components essential for SDM can be woven into the curriculum and shared with students. Thus, the ASDM provides a structure that can meet the need for intensified learning and assessment of dental students' competence in communication and SDM.
有证据表明，让患者参与医疗保健决策对医疗保健结果以及患者对医疗质量的认知有积极影响。然而，牙科学生在沟通和共同决策（SDM）方面接受培训的程度各不相同，并且研究已经确定需要加强对这一能力的学习和评估。人们已经认识到需要更明确地界定并实施在这一领域达到熟练水平的含义。本研究的目的是在一份用于SDM的综合评估工具中实施沟通和关系技能。通过广泛回顾以往关于评估沟通能力的研究和工具，确定了信息交流、协商、沟通和建立关系等相关技能。制定了评估这些技能的指标。该工具于2016年进行了试点测试，并在测试内容、内部结构和应答过程方面进行了评估。共同决策评估（ASDM）工具由18个项目组成，涉及该结构的各个方面以及三种技能类型。研究结果表明，ASDM是一种对具有三个主要组成部分的SDM的有效测量方法。开发ASDM的重要性既在于对学生与患者沟通的总结性评估，也在于形成性评估目的。一旦确定，SDM的关键组成部分就可以融入课程并与学生分享。因此，ASDM提供了一种结构，能够满足加强对牙科学生沟通和SDM能力的学习与评估的需求。
