Aguilar-Palacio I, Carrera-Lasfuentes P, Sánchez-Recio R, Alonso J P, Rabanaque M J
Microbiology, Preventive Medicine and Public Health Department, Zaragoza University, Domingo Miral S/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain; Group of Health Services Research of Aragon, (GRISSA), Spain; IIS Aragon, Spain.
CIBER Hepatic and Digestive Diseases, Spain.
Public Health. 2018 Jan;154:44-50. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2017.10.013. Epub 2017 Dec 1.
Employment status and economic recession have been associated with negative effects on self-rated health, and this effect differs by gender. We analysed the effects of the Spanish economic recession in terms of self-rated health, its differential effect among genders and its influence on gender gap.
Repeated cross-sectional study using Spanish health surveys (2001-2014).
Logistic regression models were conducted to explore the association between self-rated health and employment status and its evolution over time and gender. To test the impact of the economic recession, pooled data regression models were conducted.
In this study, we considered 104,577 subjects. During the last 15 years, women have entered the labour market, leading to wide changes in the Spanish traditional family roles. Instead of an increasing proportion of women workers, gender employment differences persist. Therefore, in 2014, the prevalence of workers was 55.77% in men, whereas in women, it was 44.01%. Self-rated health trends during the economic recession differ by gender, with women improving slightly their self-rated health from a low self-rated health prevalence of 38.76% in 2001 to 33.78% in 2014. On the contrary, men seem more vulnerable to employment circumstances, which have led to substantial reduction in the gender gap.
Although a gender gap persists, the change in socio-economic roles seems to increase women's self-rated health, reducing this gap. It is important to promote women's labour market inclusion, even in economic recession periods.
就业状况和经济衰退与自评健康的负面影响相关，且这种影响因性别而异。我们从自评健康、其在不同性别间的差异影响及其对性别差距的影响方面分析了西班牙经济衰退的影响。
使用西班牙健康调查（2001 - 2014年）进行重复横断面研究。
进行逻辑回归模型以探讨自评健康与就业状况之间的关联及其随时间和性别的演变。为检验经济衰退的影响，进行了汇总数据回归模型。
在本研究中，我们纳入了104,577名受试者。在过去15年中，女性进入劳动力市场，导致西班牙传统家庭角色发生了巨大变化。虽然女性劳动者比例没有增加，但性别就业差异依然存在。因此，2014年男性劳动者的患病率为55.77%，而女性为44.01%。经济衰退期间自评健康趋势因性别而异，女性的自评健康略有改善，自评健康患病率从2001年的低水平38.76%降至2014年的33.78%。相反，男性似乎更容易受到就业环境的影响，这导致了性别差距的大幅缩小。
尽管性别差距仍然存在，但社会经济角色的变化似乎提高了女性的自评健康，缩小了这一差距。促进女性融入劳动力市场很重要，即使在经济衰退时期也是如此。
