Li Pin, Kaslan Melisa, Lee Sze Han, Yao Justin, Gao Zhiqiang
Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798.
Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543.
Theranostics. 2017 Jan 26;7(3):789-804. doi: 10.7150/thno.18133. eCollection 2017.
Exosomes are one type of membrane vesicles secreted into extracellular space by most types of cells. In addition to performing many biological functions particularly in cell-cell communication, cumulative evidence has suggested that several biological entities in exosomes like proteins and microRNAs are closely associated with the pathogenesis of most human malignancies and they may serve as invaluable biomarkers for disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. This provides a commanding impetus and growing demands for simple, efficient, and affordable techniques to isolate exosomes. Capitalizing on the physicochemical and biochemical properties of exosomes, a number of techniques have been developed for the isolation of exosomes. This article summarizes the advances in exosome isolation techniques with an emphasis on their isolation mechanism, performance, challenges, and prospects. We hope that this article will provide an overview of exosome isolation techniques, opening up new perspectives towards the development more innovative strategies and devices for more time saving, cost effective, and efficient isolations of exosomes from a wide range of biological matrices.
外泌体是大多数类型细胞分泌到细胞外空间的一种膜泡。除了执行许多生物学功能，特别是在细胞间通讯方面，越来越多的证据表明，外泌体中的几种生物成分，如蛋白质和微小RNA，与大多数人类恶性肿瘤的发病机制密切相关，它们可能作为疾病诊断、预后和治疗的宝贵生物标志物。这为简单、高效且经济实惠的外泌体分离技术提供了强大的推动力和不断增长的需求。利用外泌体的物理化学和生化特性，已经开发了多种外泌体分离技术。本文总结了外泌体分离技术的进展，重点介绍了它们的分离机制、性能、挑战和前景。我们希望本文能对外泌体分离技术进行概述，为开发更具创新性的策略和设备开辟新的视角，以便更省时、经济高效地从各种生物基质中分离外泌体。
