Centre for Food Policy, City, University of London,Northampton Square, London EC1V 0HB,UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2018 Aug;77(3):331-346. doi: 10.1017/S0029665117004074. Epub 2017 Dec 4.
The objective of the present paper is to draw lessons from policy development on sustainable diets. It considers the emergence of sustainable diets as a policy issue and reviews the environmental challenge to nutrition science as to what a 'good' diet is for contemporary policy. It explores the variations in how sustainable diets have been approached by policy-makers. The paper considers how international United Nations and European Union (EU) policy engagement now centres on the 2015 Sustainable Development Goals and Paris Climate Change Accord, which require changes across food systems. The paper outlines national sustainable diet policy in various countries: Australia, Brazil, France, the Netherlands, Qatar, Sweden, UK and USA. While no overarching common framework for sustainable diets has appeared, a policy typology of lessons for sustainable diets is proposed, differentiating (a) orientation and focus, (b) engagement styles and (c) modes of leadership. The paper considers the particularly tortuous rise and fall of UK governmental interest in sustainable diet advice. Initial engagement in the 2000s turned to disengagement in the 2010s, yet some advice has emerged. The 2016 referendum to leave the EU has created a new period of policy uncertainty for the UK food system. This might marginalise attempts to generate sustainable diet advice, but could also be an opportunity for sustainable diets to be a goal for a sustainable UK food system. The role of nutritionists and other food science professions will be significant in this period of policy flux.
本文旨在从可持续饮食政策制定中吸取经验教训。它将可持续饮食的出现视为一个政策问题，并回顾了营养科学在当今政策下对“良好”饮食的环境挑战。它探讨了政策制定者对可持续饮食的不同处理方式。本文考虑了联合国和欧盟（EU）等国际政策参与如何现在集中在 2015 年可持续发展目标和巴黎气候变化协议上，这些协议要求改变整个食品系统。本文概述了澳大利亚、巴西、法国、荷兰、卡塔尔、瑞典、英国和美国等不同国家的可持续饮食政策。虽然没有出现总体共同的可持续饮食框架，但提出了可持续饮食政策的经验教训的政策分类法，区分了（a）方向和重点，（b）参与方式和（c）领导模式。本文还考虑了英国政府对可持续饮食建议兴趣的曲折上升和下降。21 世纪初的初步参与在 21 世纪 10 年代转变为不参与，但出现了一些建议。2016 年英国脱欧公投为英国食品系统带来了新的政策不确定性时期。这可能会使可持续饮食建议的制定边缘化，但也可能为可持续饮食成为可持续英国食品系统的目标提供机会。在这一政策动荡时期，营养学家和其他食品科学专业人员的作用将至关重要。
