a Faculty of Human Sciences, Department for Sport and Health Sciences , University of Potsdam , Potsdam , Germany.
c Department of Human Movement Science , University of Hamburg , Hamburg , Germany.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2018 Feb;18(1):112-122. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2017.1407363. Epub 2017 Dec 3.
The starting point of this contribution is the potential risk to health and performance from the combination of elite sporting careers with the pursuit of education. In European sport science and politics, structural measures to promote dual careers in elite sports have been discussed increasingly of late. In addition to organisational measures, there are calls for educational-psychological intervention programmes supporting the successful management of dual careers at the individual level. This paper presents an appropriate intervention programme and its evaluation: stress-resistance training for elite athletes (SRT-EA). It comprises 10 units, each lasting 90 minutes. It is intended for athletes and aims to improve their resistance to chronic stress. The evaluation was carried out in a quasi-experimental design, with three points of measurement (baseline, immediately after, and three months after) and two non-randomised groups: an intervention group (n = 128) and an untreated control group (n = 117). Participants were between 13 and 20 years of age (53.5% male) and represented various Olympic sports. Outcome variables were assessed with questionnaires. Significant short- and mid-term intervention effects were explored. The intervention increased stress-related knowledge, general self-efficacy, and stress sensitivity. Chronic stress level, stress symptoms, and stress reactivity were reduced. In line with the intention of the intervention, the results showed short- and mid-term, small to medium-sized effects. Accordingly, separate measurements at the end of the intervention and three months later showed mostly positive subjective experiences. Thus, the results reinforce the hope that educational-psychological stress-management interventions can support dual careers.
本研究的出发点是，将精英运动员生涯与接受教育相结合可能会对健康和表现产生潜在风险。在欧洲体育科学和政治领域，最近越来越多地讨论了促进精英体育双重职业的结构措施。除了组织措施外，还呼吁制定教育心理学干预计划，以支持个人层面上成功管理双重职业。本文介绍了一个合适的干预计划及其评估：精英运动员的抗压力训练（SRT-EA）。它由 10 个单元组成，每个单元持续 90 分钟。它针对运动员，旨在提高他们对慢性压力的抵抗力。评估采用准实验设计，在三个时间点（基线、立即后和三个月后）进行，两个非随机组：干预组（n=128）和未治疗对照组（n=117）。参与者年龄在 13 至 20 岁之间（53.5%为男性），代表各种奥运项目。使用问卷评估结果变量。探索了短期和中期干预的显著效果。干预增加了与压力相关的知识、一般自我效能感和压力敏感度。慢性压力水平、压力症状和压力反应性降低。与干预的意图一致，结果显示出短期和中期、小到中等的效果。因此，在干预结束时和三个月后分别进行的单独测量大多显示出积极的主观体验。因此，结果强化了这样一种希望，即教育心理学压力管理干预措施可以支持双重职业。
