Wei Qinghui, Zhao Min, Li Xiaoyan
Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
Pharmacogn Mag. 2017 Oct-Dec;13(52):600-606. doi: 10.4103/pm.pm_545_16. Epub 2017 Nov 13.
Chemical fungicides are widely used to control crop diseases, but these chemicals have adverse effects. They destroy the ecological environment and even have toxic effects on human beings. In this context, the development of botanical pesticides is relevant. One potential botanical pesticide is chelerythrine, a main alkaloid of L., which has high antitumor, fungistasis, and antiphlogosis bioactivity.
This study was designed to present an ultrasonic extraction method for chelerythrine and spore germination experiments to inhibit pathogenic fungi. Fungistasis of chelerythrine is now centralized in basic microbiology experiments, such as observing bacteriostatic rings. This study investigates chelerythrine based on pathogenic fungal spore germination and the influence of germ tube elongation.
Samples of L., which were wild used in this experiment, were picked from Harbin experimental forest farm of Northeast Forestry University. An L (3) orthogonal experiment was designed to optimize the ultrasonic extraction method. All the plant pathogenic fungus strains used in the experiment were preservation strains of Northeast Forestry University Microbial preservation center. Pathogenic fungi were cultivated by joining chelerythrine with and observed germ tube growth and spore germination.
The optimum ultrasonication extraction process for chelerythrine has a liquid/solid ratio of 1:8, 35 min of extraction time, 85% of ultrasonic frequency, and 75% of ethanol concentration. When the concentration of chelerythrine was 1.7 × 10 mg/ml, the inhibition rates of Speg. spores and were 96.67% and 84.94%, respectively. Moreover, when the concentration of chelerythrine was 1.7 × 10 mg/ml, the inhibition rates of spores and were 47.64% and 12.05%, respectively.
Fungistasis activity reached a high level with 1.7 × 10 mg/ml of chelerythrine. Chelerythrine has the characteristics of less dosage and obvious fungistasis and has a good prospect for botanical fungicide development.
spores in chelerythrine concentration of 1.7 × 10 mg/ml have an inhibition rate of 47.64%. For chelerythrine concentrations 1.7 × 10, 1.7 × 10, and 1.7 × 10 mg/ml, the inhibition rate is 70%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. When the concentration of chelerythrine was original 1.7 × 10 mg/ml, the inhibition rate was 96.67%. As shown in the diagram, the germinal tubes of spores were shorter than 50 µm with 1.7 × 10, 1.7 × 10, and 1.7 × 10 mg/ml concentrations of chelerythrine. However, the germinal tubes of spores without chelerythrine could reach 80 µm. With 1.7 × 10 mg/ml liquid concentration, the germination was severely inhibited; the germination under concentrate chelerythrine was limited. The inhibitory effect of chelerythrine was greatest in . L.: L.; : ; Speg.: ; f. sp. : f. sp. ; F. oxysporum f. cucumerinum: f. ; : .
化学杀菌剂被广泛用于防治作物病害，但这些化学物质具有不良影响。它们破坏生态环境，甚至对人类产生毒性作用。在此背景下，开发植物源农药具有重要意义。一种潜在的植物源农药是白屈菜红碱，它是白屈菜的主要生物碱，具有高抗肿瘤、抑菌和抗炎生物活性。
本研究旨在提出一种白屈菜红碱的超声提取方法，并进行抑制致病真菌的孢子萌发实验。目前白屈菜红碱的抑菌作用主要集中在基础微生物学实验，如观察抑菌圈。本研究基于致病真菌孢子萌发及芽管伸长的影响对白屈菜红碱进行研究。
本实验所用的野生白屈菜样本采自东北林业大学哈尔滨实验林场。设计L(3)正交试验优化超声提取方法。实验中使用的所有植物致病真菌菌株均为东北林业大学微生物保藏中心的保藏菌株。将白屈菜红碱加入培养致病真菌，观察芽管生长和孢子萌发情况。
白屈菜红碱的最佳超声提取工艺为液固比1:8、提取时间35分钟、超声频率85%、乙醇浓度75%。当白屈菜红碱浓度为1.7×10mg/ml时，对茄丝核菌孢子和立枯丝核菌的抑制率分别为96.67%和84.94%。此外，当白屈菜红碱浓度为1.7×10mg/ml时，对尖孢镰刀菌孢子和瓜果腐霉菌的抑制率分别为47.64%和12.05%。
白屈菜红碱浓度为1.7×10mg/ml时抑菌活性达到较高水平。白屈菜红碱具有用量少、抑菌效果明显的特点，在植物源杀菌剂开发方面具有良好前景。
白屈菜红碱浓度为1.7×10mg/ml时对尖孢镰刀菌孢子的抑制率为47.64%。对于白屈菜红碱浓度1.7×10、1.7×10和1.7×10mg/ml，抑制率分别为70%、80%和90%。当白屈菜红碱原始浓度为1.7×10mg/ml时，抑制率为96.67%。如图所示，白屈菜红碱浓度为1.7×10、1.7×1
