Chakraborty Moutoshi, Rabby S M Fajle, Gupta Dipali Rani, Rahman Mahfuzur, Paul Sanjoy Kumar, Mahmud Nur Uddin, Rahat Abdullah Al Mahbub, Jankuloski Ljupcho, Islam Tofazzal
Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering (IBGE), Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh.
Extension Service, Davis College of Agriculture, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
Microorganisms. 2022 Jun 9;10(6):1186. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061186.
Protein kinases (PKs), being key regulatory enzymes of a wide range of signaling pathways, are potential targets for antifungal agents. Wheat blast disease, caused by (MoT), is an existential threat to world food security. During the screening process of natural metabolites against MoT fungus, we find that two protein kinase inhibitors, staurosporine and chelerythrine chloride, remarkably inhibit MoT hyphal growth. This study further investigates the effects of staurosporine and chelerythrine chloride on MoT hyphal growth, conidia production, and development as well as wheat blast inhibition in comparison to a commercial fungicide, Nativo75WG. The growth of MoT mycelia is significantly inhibited by these compounds in a dose-dependent manner. These natural compounds greatly reduce conidia production in MoT mycelia along with suppression of conidial germination and triggered lysis, resulting in deformed germ tubes and appressoria. These metabolites greatly suppress blast development in artificially inoculated wheat plants in the field. This is the first report of the antagonistic effect of these two natural PKC inhibitory alkaloids on MoT fungal developmental processes in vitro and suppression of wheat blast disease on both leaves and spikes in vivo. Further research is needed to identify their precise mechanism of action to consider them as biopesticides or lead compounds for controlling wheat blast.
蛋白激酶（PKs）作为广泛信号通路的关键调节酶，是抗真菌剂的潜在靶点。由小麦条锈菌（MoT）引起的小麦条锈病对世界粮食安全构成了生存威胁。在针对MoT真菌的天然代谢产物筛选过程中，我们发现两种蛋白激酶抑制剂，即星形孢菌素和氯化白屈菜红碱，能显著抑制MoT的菌丝生长。本研究进一步探究了星形孢菌素和氯化白屈菜红碱相较于市售杀菌剂Nativo75WG，对MoT菌丝生长、分生孢子产生和发育以及小麦条锈病抑制的影响。这些化合物以剂量依赖的方式显著抑制了MoT菌丝体的生长。这些天然化合物极大地减少了MoT菌丝体中的分生孢子产生，同时抑制了分生孢子的萌发并引发裂解，导致芽管和附着胞变形。这些代谢产物极大地抑制了田间人工接种小麦植株上的条锈病发展。这是关于这两种天然PKC抑制生物碱在体外对MoT真菌发育过程的拮抗作用以及在体内对小麦叶片和穗部条锈病抑制作用的首次报道。需要进一步研究以确定它们的确切作用机制，从而将它们视为控制小麦条锈病的生物农药或先导化合物。
