Norman Rebecka Maria, Sjetne Ingeborg Strømseng
Norwegian Institute of Public Health (FHI), PO Box 4404 Nydalen, N-0403 Oslo, Norway.
University of Oslo, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health and Society, Department of Health Management and Health Economics, PO Box 1130 Blindern, N-0318 Oslo, Norway.
BMC Nurs. 2017 Nov 21;16:66. doi: 10.1186/s12912-017-0256-9. eCollection 2017.
Nurses' work environment has been shown to be associated with quality of care and organizational outcomes. In order to monitor the work environment, it is useful for all stakeholders to know the questionnaires that assess or evaluate conditions for delivering nursing care. The aim of this article is: to review the literature for assessed survey questionnaires that measure nurses' perception of their work environment, make a brief assessment, and map the content domains included in a selection of questionnaires.
The search included electronic databases of internationally published literature, international websites, and hand searches of reference lists. Eligible papers describing a questionnaire had to be; a) suitable for nurses working in direct care in general hospitals, nursing homes or home healthcare settings; and b) constructed to measure work environment characteristics that are amenable to change and related to patient and organizational outcomes; and c) presented along with an assessment of their measurement properties.
The search yielded 5077 unique articles. For the final synthesis, 65 articles met inclusion criteria, consisting of 34 questionnaires measuring nursing work environments in different settings. Most of the questionnaires that we found were developed, and tested, for registered nurses in a general hospital setting. Six questionnaires were developed specifically for use in nursing home settings and one for home healthcare. The content domains covered by the questionnaires were both overlapping and unique and the terminology in use was inconsistent. The most common content domains in the work environment questionnaires were supportive managers, collaborative relationships with peers, busyness, professional practice and autonomy.
The findings from this review enhance the understanding of how "work environment" can be measured by an overview of existing questionnaires and domains. Our results indicate that there are very many work environment questionnaires with varying content.
护士的工作环境已被证明与护理质量和组织成果相关。为了监测工作环境，让所有利益相关者了解评估或评价护理服务条件的问卷是很有用的。本文的目的是：回顾用于测量护士对其工作环境认知的评估调查问卷的文献，进行简要评估，并梳理一系列问卷中包含的内容领域。
检索包括国际发表文献的电子数据库、国际网站，并手工检索参考文献列表。符合条件的描述问卷的论文必须：a）适用于在综合医院、养老院或家庭医疗环境中提供直接护理的护士；b）旨在测量易于改变且与患者和组织成果相关的工作环境特征；c）同时给出对其测量属性的评估。
检索得到5077篇独特文章。最终纳入综合分析的有65篇文章，包括34份测量不同环境下护理工作环境的问卷。我们发现的大多数问卷是为综合医院环境中的注册护士开发并测试的。有6份问卷是专门为养老院环境开发的，1份是为家庭医疗开发的。问卷涵盖的内容领域既有重叠又有独特之处，使用的术语也不一致。工作环境问卷中最常见的内容领域是支持性的管理者、与同事的协作关系、工作繁忙程度、专业实践和自主权。
本次综述的结果通过对现有问卷和领域的概述，增强了对如何测量“工作环境”的理解。我们的结果表明，有非常多内容各异的工作环境问卷。
