Stevenson Jodie C, Emerson Lisa-Marie, Millings Abigail
Department of Psychology, The University of Sheffield, Cathedral Court, Sheffield, S1 2LT UK.
Mindfulness (N Y). 2017;8(6):1438-1455. doi: 10.1007/s12671-017-0733-y. Epub 2017 May 24.
Mindfulness can be measured as an individual trait, which varies between individuals. In recent years, research has investigated the overlap between trait mindfulness and attachment. The aim of the present review and meta-analysis was to investigate the current evidence linking adult attachment dimensions to trait mindfulness dimensions, and to quantitatively synthesize these findings using meta-analyses. A systematic literature search was conducted using five scientific databases of which, upon review, 33 articles met inclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria were peer-reviewed journals and dissertations published in English that relied on quantitative methods using reliable and validated self-report measures where study participants were aged 16 years and older. Random-effects model meta-analytic procedures were used to investigate the relationship between both constructs. Cross-sectional studies found significant negative correlations between adult attachment insecurity, on either dimension (anxiety or avoidance) and both total mindfulness score and all five sub-dimensions of mindfulness (act with awareness, observe, describe, non-reacting, and non-judging), with the exception of a non-significant positive correlation between attachment anxiety and observe. The effect size of the relationships ranged from small to medium. The overall mean effect sizes were moderate (anxiety, = .34; avoidance, = -.28), with both attachment dimensions associated with lower levels of total mindfulness. Results are discussed in relation to theory and research. Implications for future research include the need to utilize longitudinal design to address causality and mechanisms of the relationship between these constructs.
正念可以作为一种个体特质来衡量，个体之间存在差异。近年来，研究探讨了特质正念与依恋之间的重叠。本综述和荟萃分析的目的是研究将成人依恋维度与特质正念维度联系起来的现有证据，并使用荟萃分析对这些发现进行定量综合。使用五个科学数据库进行了系统的文献检索，经审查，有33篇文章符合纳入标准。纳入标准为以英文发表的同行评审期刊和论文，这些研究采用可靠且经过验证的自我报告测量方法的定量研究方法，研究参与者年龄在16岁及以上。采用随机效应模型荟萃分析程序来研究这两个构念之间的关系。横断面研究发现，成人依恋不安全感在焦虑或回避这两个维度上，与正念总分以及正念的所有五个子维度（有意识行动、观察、描述、不反应和不评判）之间均存在显著负相关，但依恋焦虑与观察之间存在不显著的正相关除外。这些关系的效应大小从小到中等不等。总体平均效应大小为中等（焦虑， = 0.34；回避， = -0.28），两个依恋维度均与较低水平的正念总分相关。结合理论和研究对结果进行了讨论。对未来研究的启示包括需要采用纵向设计来探讨这些构念之间关系的因果关系和机制。
