Hesslinger Vera M, Carbon Claus-Christian, Hecht Heiko
Abteilung Allgemeine Experimentelle Psychologie, University of Mainz, Germany.
Department of General Psychology and Methodology, University of Bamberg, Germany.
Iperception. 2017 Nov 16;8(6):2041669517736322. doi: 10.1177/2041669517736322. eCollection 2017 Nov-Dec.
The present study is a first attempt to experimentally test the impact of two specific social factors, namely social conformity pressure and a sense of being watched, on participants' judgments of the artistic quality of aesthetic objects. We manipulated conformity pressure with a test form in which a photograph of each stimulus was presented together with unanimously low (downward pressure) or high quality ratings (upward pressure) of three would-be previous raters. Participants' sense of being watched was manipulated by testing each of them in two settings, one of which contained an eyespots stimulus. Both social factors significantly affected the participants' judgments-unexpectedly, however, with conformity pressure only working in the downward direction and eyespots leading to an overall downward shift in participants' judgments. Our findings indicate the relevance of including explicit and implicit social factors in aesthetics research, thus also reminding us of the limitations of overly reductionist approaches to investigating aesthetic perception and experience.
本研究首次尝试通过实验测试两个特定社会因素，即社会从众压力和被注视感，对参与者对审美对象艺术质量的判断产生的影响。我们通过一种测试形式来操纵从众压力，在该测试形式中，每个刺激物的照片与三位潜在的先前评分者一致给出的低质量评分（向下压力）或高质量评分（向上压力）一起呈现。通过在两种环境中对每位参与者进行测试来操纵他们的被注视感，其中一种环境包含一个眼状刺激物。这两个社会因素均对参与者的判断产生了显著影响——然而，出乎意料的是，从众压力仅在向下的方向上起作用，而眼状刺激物导致参与者的判断整体向下偏移。我们的研究结果表明在美学研究中纳入显性和隐性社会因素的重要性，同时也提醒我们在研究审美感知和体验时过度简化方法的局限性。
