Clore Gerald L, Huntsinger Jeffrey R
Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA.
Trends Cogn Sci. 2007 Sep;11(9):393-9. doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2007.08.005. Epub 2007 Aug 16.
Being happy or sad influences the content and style of thought. One explanation is that affect serves as information about the value of whatever comes to mind. Thus, when a person makes evaluative judgments or engages in a task, positive affect can enhance evaluations and empower potential responses. Rather than affect itself, the information conveyed by affect is crucial. Tests of the hypothesis find that affective influences can be made to disappear by changing the source to which the affect is attributed. In tasks, positive affect validates and negative affect invalidates accessible cognitions, leading to relational processing and item-specific processing, respectively. Positive affect is found to promote, and negative affect to inhibit, many textbook phenomena from cognitive psychology.
快乐或悲伤会影响思维的内容和风格。一种解释是，情感充当了关于任何进入脑海的事物价值的信息。因此，当一个人进行评价性判断或从事一项任务时，积极情感可以提升评价并增强潜在反应。关键的不是情感本身，而是情感所传达的信息。对该假设的测试发现，通过改变情感所归属的来源，可以使情感影响消失。在任务中，积极情感验证可及认知，消极情感则使其无效，分别导致关系性加工和特定项目加工。研究发现，积极情感促进、消极情感抑制认知心理学中的许多经典现象。
