Leder Helmut, Goller Juergen, Rigotti Tanya, Forster Michael
Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna Vienna, Austria.
Front Hum Neurosci. 2016 Apr 13;10:155. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00155. eCollection 2016.
Whether beauty is in the eye of the beholder or shared among individuals is a longstanding question in empirical aesthetics. By decomposing the variance structure of data for facial attractiveness, it has been previously shown that beauty evaluations comprise a similar amount of private and shared taste (Hönekopp, 2006). Employing the same methods, we found that, for abstract artworks, components that vary between individuals and relate to personal taste are particularly strong. Moreover, we instructed half of our participants to disregard their own taste and judge stimuli according to the taste of others instead. Ninety-five women rated 100 abstract artworks for liking and 100 faces for attractiveness. We found that the private taste proportion was much higher in abstract artworks, accounting for 75% of taste compared to 40% in the face condition. Abstract artworks were also less affected than faces by the instruction to rate according to others' taste and therefore less susceptible to incorporation of external beauty standards. Together, our findings support the notion that art-and especially abstract art-crystallizes private taste.
美是存在于观赏者的眼中，还是在个体之间共享，这是实证美学中一个长期存在的问题。通过分解面部吸引力数据的方差结构，先前的研究表明，美的评价包含相似数量的个人品味和共享品味（霍内科普，2006年）。采用相同的方法，我们发现，对于抽象艺术作品，个体之间存在差异且与个人品味相关的成分尤为突出。此外，我们指示一半的参与者忽略自己的品味，而是根据他人的品味来评判刺激物。95名女性对100幅抽象艺术作品的喜爱程度和100张面孔的吸引力进行了评分。我们发现，抽象艺术作品中个人品味的比例要高得多，占品味的75%，而面部情况为40%。与面孔相比，抽象艺术作品受根据他人品味评分指令的影响也较小，因此不太容易纳入外部美的标准。总之，我们的研究结果支持了这样一种观点，即艺术——尤其是抽象艺术——体现了个人品味。
