Brown Daniel M, Barbara Abrams, Cohen Alison K, Rehkopf David H
Division of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America.
Division of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America.
SSM Popul Health. 2017 Dec;3:558-565. doi: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2017.06.004. Epub 2017 Jun 29.
While there is an association of greater short-term weight gain with childbearing among women, less is known about longer-term weight gain, whether men have similar gains, and how this varies by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position. Our cohort consisted of a nationally representative sample of 7,356 Americans with oversampling of Black and Hispanic populations. We estimated the associations between number of biological children and parental weight, measured as both change in self-reported body mass index (BMI) from age 18 and overweight/obese status (BMI ≥ 25) at age 40. We performed multivariate linear and logistic regression analysis and tested for effect modification by gender. For change in BMI, men gained on average 0.28 BMI (95% CI: (0.01, 0.55)) units per child, while women gained 0.13 units per child (95% CI: (-0.22, 0.48)). The adjusted odds ratios for overweight/obesity associated with each child were 1.32 (95% CI: (1.11, 1.58)) for men and 1.15 (95% CI: (1.01, 1.31)) for women. Stratified analyses by race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position suggested that the observed full-cohort differences were driven primarily by gendered differences in low-income Hispanics and Whites - with the greatest associations among Hispanic men. For example, among low-income Hispanic men we observed a positive relationship between the number of children and weight change by age 40, with average weight change of 0.47 units per child (95%CI: (-0.65, 1.59 For low-income Hispanic women, however, the average weight change was -0.59 units per child (95%CI: (-1.70, 0.47), and the P-value for the test of interaction between gender and number of children was P < 0.001. Our findings suggest that the shared social and economic aspects of raising children play an important role in determining parental weight at mid-life.
虽然女性生育后短期内体重增加更为常见，但对于长期体重增加、男性是否有类似的体重增加情况，以及这种情况如何因种族/族裔和社会经济地位而异，人们了解较少。我们的队列研究包含一个具有全国代表性的7356名美国人的样本，其中对黑人和西班牙裔人群进行了过度抽样。我们估计了亲生子女数量与父母体重之间的关联，体重通过18岁时自我报告的体重指数（BMI）变化以及40岁时超重/肥胖状态（BMI≥25）来衡量。我们进行了多变量线性和逻辑回归分析，并检验了性别对结果的影响。对于BMI的变化，男性平均每个孩子增加0.28个BMI单位（95%置信区间：(0.01, 0.55)），而女性每个孩子增加0.13个单位（95%置信区间：(-0.22, 0.48)）。男性与每个孩子相关的超重/肥胖调整后比值比为1.32（95%置信区间：(1.11, 1.58)），女性为1.15（95%置信区间：(1.01, 1.31)）。按种族/族裔和社会经济地位进行的分层分析表明，观察到的全队列差异主要由低收入西班牙裔和白人中的性别差异驱动——西班牙裔男性之间的关联最为显著。例如，在低收入西班牙裔男性中，我们观察到孩子数量与40岁时体重变化之间存在正相关关系，平均每个孩子体重变化0.47个单位（95%置信区间：(-0.65, 1.59)）。然而，对于低收入西班牙裔女性，平均每个孩子体重变化为-0.59个单位（95%置信区间：(-1.70, 0.47)），性别与孩子数量之间交互作用检验的P值为P < 0.001。我们的研究结果表明，养育孩子所共有的社会和经济因素在决定中年父母体重方面起着重要作用。
