González de Pablo Ángel
Dynamis. 2017;37(1):45-64.
After World War II came to an end, General Franco's regime attempted to step aside from the defeated fascist states by emphasizing its Catholic character. The change of image culminated in 1947 with the establishment of Spain as a Catholic State by means of the Law of Succession. This process generated the national catholic ideology, which became, during the first decades of the dictatorship, the hegemonic instrument for the transformation of Spanish society in an anti-modernizing way. Scientific activity was not excluded from these changes, and a Catholic science conveying universal values and in harmony with the faith was strongly encouraged. One example of this Catholic science was the psychiatric approach developed by Juan José López Ibor during the first Francoist period, including the concepts of anagogy, the perfection instinct, psychagogy and, above all, anxious thymopathy and life anguish. This paper analyses the Christian background of these notions, their scientific repercussions and their social utility for the dictatorship. This paper emphasizes the consideration of these key notions of Spanish psychiatry during the First Francoism as knowledge of salvation, i.e., as conveyors of assumed eternal values in accordance with the prevailing view of Catholicism. On the other hand, it points to the functioning of these concepts as a part of the regulatory network designed and deployed by Francoism to promote submission and resignation in the Spanish population.
第二次世界大战结束后，佛朗哥将军的政权试图通过强调其天主教特质来与战败的法西斯国家划清界限。形象的转变在1947年达到顶点，当时通过《继承法》将西班牙确立为天主教国家。这一过程产生了国家天主教意识形态，在独裁统治的头几十年里，它成为以反现代化方式改造西班牙社会的霸权工具。科学活动也未能免于这些变革，一种宣扬普遍价值观并与信仰相契合的天主教科学受到大力鼓励。这种天主教科学的一个例子是胡安·何塞·洛佩斯·伊博尔在佛朗哥统治初期提出的精神病学方法，包括寓意解经法、完美本能、精神教育法等概念，尤其是焦虑性胸腺病和生命痛苦。本文分析了这些概念的基督教背景、它们的科学影响以及它们对独裁统治的社会效用。本文强调，将第一次佛朗哥统治时期西班牙精神病学的这些关键概念视为救赎知识，即按照天主教的主流观点，作为假定永恒价值观的传递者。另一方面，它指出这些概念作为佛朗哥政权设计和部署的监管网络的一部分，起到了促使西班牙民众顺从和听天由命的作用。
