Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria), Madrid, 28223, Spain.
State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Centre of Influenza Research, School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Ecol Lett. 2018 Feb;21(2):253-263. doi: 10.1111/ele.12890. Epub 2017 Dec 5.
Accumulating evidence indicates that biodiversity has an important impact on parasite evolution and emergence. The vast majority of studies in this area have only considered the diversity of species within an environment as an overall measure of biodiversity, overlooking the role of genetic diversity within a particular host species. Although theoretical models propose that host genetic diversity in part shapes that of the infecting parasite population, and hence modulates the risk of parasite emergence, this effect has seldom been tested empirically. Using Rabies virus (RABV) as a model parasite, we provide evidence that greater host genetic diversity increases both parasite genetic diversity and the likelihood of a host being a donor in RABV cross-species transmission events. We conclude that host genetic diversity may be an important determinant of parasite evolution and emergence.
越来越多的证据表明，生物多样性对寄生虫的进化和出现有重要影响。该领域的绝大多数研究仅将环境内物种的多样性作为生物多样性的整体衡量标准，而忽略了特定宿主物种内遗传多样性的作用。尽管理论模型提出，宿主遗传多样性部分塑造了感染寄生虫种群的遗传多样性，从而调节寄生虫出现的风险，但这一效应很少得到实证检验。我们以狂犬病病毒（Rabies virus，RABV）为模型寄生虫，提供了证据表明，宿主遗传多样性的增加既增加了寄生虫的遗传多样性，也增加了宿主成为 RABV 跨物种传播事件供体的可能性。我们的结论是，宿主遗传多样性可能是寄生虫进化和出现的一个重要决定因素。
