Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, Australia.
Sydney Nursing School, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia.
Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2018 Mar;53(3):269-278. doi: 10.1007/s00127-017-1466-x. Epub 2017 Dec 5.
To investigate trends and socio-economic determinants of suicide in India over the period of 2001-2013.
Suicide rates between 2001 and 2013 were calculated using suicide statistics provided by National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB) and census data provided by Census of India, stratified by sex, age group, and geographical region, to investigate trends in suicide over the study period. Multilevel negative binomial regression models were specified to investigate associations between state-level indicators of economic development, education, employment and religious factors and sex-specific suicide rates.
Male suicide rates remained relatively steady (~ 14 per 100,000) while female suicide rates decreased over the study period (9 to 7 per 100,000). The age group of 45-59 years had the highest suicide rate among males while the age group of 15-29 years had the highest suicide rate among females. On average, higher male and female suicide rates were observed in states with: higher levels of development, higher levels of agricultural employment, higher levels of literacy, and higher proportions of people identifying with Hinduism. Higher male suicide rates were also observed in states with higher levels of unemployment.
The process of modernization might be contributing towards higher suicide risk in more developed parts of India. Also, increase in farmer suicides since economic liberalization might be contributing towards higher suicide rates among more agricultural regions. Furthermore, ancient sanctions towards religious suicide are possibly still influencing modern Hindu suicides.
调查 2001-2013 年期间印度自杀的趋势和社会经济决定因素。
利用国家犯罪记录局（NCRB）提供的自杀统计数据和印度人口普查提供的人口普查数据，按性别、年龄组和地理区域对 2001 年至 2013 年的自杀率进行计算，以调查研究期间自杀趋势。指定多水平负二项回归模型，以调查州级经济发展、教育、就业和宗教因素指标与男女特定自杀率之间的关联。
男性自杀率保持相对稳定（~14/10 万），而女性自杀率在此期间下降（从 9/10 万降至 7/10 万）。男性自杀率最高的年龄组为 45-59 岁，而女性自杀率最高的年龄组为 15-29 岁。平均而言，发展水平较高、农业就业水平较高、文化程度较高以及认同印度教的人口比例较高的州男性和女性自杀率较高。失业率较高的州男性自杀率也较高。
现代化进程可能导致印度较发达地区自杀风险增加。此外，自经济自由化以来农民自杀人数增加可能导致农业地区自杀率上升。此外，古代对宗教自杀的制裁可能仍在影响现代印度教自杀。
