Duguet Anne-Marie, Boyer-Beviere Bénédicte
Eur J Health Law. 2017 Apr;24(2):160-74. doi: 10.1163/15718093-12420347.
Preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) relates exclusively to in vitro fertilisation techniques (IVF) that aim to prevent transmission of a serious genetic abnormality to the child. The genetic characteristics of the embryo created through IVF are analysed, and only the embryos free of the genetic abnormality are implanted in the womb. Performed worldwide since 1990, this technique has raised many legal and ethical debates due to the very wide variations of lawgiving between countries. This is shown by the report of the UNESCO IBC (2003), which described the techniques and the issues raised by preimplantation genetic diagnosis. In this article, the authors present the differences between prenatal diagnosis and preimplantation genetic diagnosis, the French legislation, then the range of legislation in Europe and finally the position of the European Court of Human Rights which sanctioned Italy and Latvia for refusing access to PGD.
植入前基因诊断（PGD）仅适用于体外受精技术（IVF），其目的是防止严重的基因异常遗传给孩子。通过体外受精产生的胚胎的基因特征会被分析，只有没有基因异常的胚胎才会被植入子宫。自1990年以来，这项技术在全球范围内开展，由于各国立法差异很大，引发了许多法律和伦理辩论。联合国教科文组织国际生物伦理委员会（2003年）的报告就表明了这一点，该报告描述了植入前基因诊断技术及其引发的问题。在本文中，作者阐述了产前诊断与植入前基因诊断的区别、法国的立法，接着介绍了欧洲的立法范围，最后阐述了欧洲人权法院对意大利和拉脱维亚拒绝提供植入前基因诊断服务进行制裁的立场。
