Regulation of osteogenic differentiation by DNA methylation of the dishevelled gene in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are stem cells with multidirectional differentiation potential, which can be used as seed cells to repair and reconstruct many types of tissues and organs following injury or disease. Osteogenic differentiation involves a variety of pathway and factors, including cytokines, growth factors, and hormones. In the present study, we investigated the potential role of Dishevelled in osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in induction medium containing the methyltransferase inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine. The expression of Dishevelled was analyzed using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and a Western blot. The methylation degree of the CpG island in the promoter region of the Dishevelled gene was analyzed, and protein expression levels of Wnt, Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK3), axin, Dishevelled, and β-catenin were increased after the addition of the methyltransferase inhibitor. The expression of Dishevelled increased in accordance with the differentiation of osteoblasts, and the degree of methylation of the promoter affected its expression level. In conclusion, regulating the methylation degree of the Dishevelled gene promoter region appears to influence the expression of Dishevelled and therefore the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.