School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Department of Human Development, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, USA.
Drug Alcohol Rev. 2018 Apr;37 Suppl 1:S348-S356. doi: 10.1111/dar.12639. Epub 2017 Dec 7.
Breathalyser estimate of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) is widely used as an objective intoxication measure, but is not always practical in nightlife contexts. This study uses in situ data collected in nightlife environments to explore how four measures of intoxication are related so as to inform the development of a more practical and reliable method of differentiating intoxication for people working in the night-time economy.
Nightlife patron interviews were conducted in five Australian cities. Participants completed demographic questions and were asked about current session (past 12 h) alcohol use, and four different measures of intoxication were assessed: BAC, participant's self-reported intoxication (0-10), interviewer rating of the participant's intoxication (0-10) and interviewer-rated number of the participants' of physical signs of intoxication.
A total of 7028 patrons were surveyed and n = 5273 included in analysis. Mean age was 23.9 years (SD = 6.36); 61.5% were male. There was a significant difference in occurrence of all observable intoxication symptoms across differing levels of BAC (P < 0.001). All visible symptoms became more common as intoxication increased, except for talking very quickly/talkative and giggly symptoms. As BAC levels increase, the extent of the disagreement between self-rated and interviewer-rated intoxication measures widens. Exhibiting four or more visible intoxication symptoms emerged as a reliable method for observers to identify intoxicated patrons.
As BAC increases, people become worse at estimating their own intoxication, but sober observers remain relatively accurate. Findings provide support for efforts to strengthen and enforce responsible service of alcohol.
呼气酒精浓度（BAC）的测醉仪被广泛用作客观醉酒测量方法，但在夜生活环境中并不总是实用。本研究使用在夜生活环境中收集的现场数据，探索了四种醉酒测量方法之间的关系，以便为夜间经济工作者开发一种更实用、更可靠的区分醉酒的方法提供信息。
在澳大利亚的五个城市进行了夜生活顾客访谈。参与者完成了人口统计学问题，并被问及当前（过去 12 小时）的饮酒情况，以及评估了四种不同的醉酒测量方法：BAC、参与者自我报告的醉酒程度（0-10）、访谈者对参与者醉酒程度的评估（0-10）以及访谈者评估的参与者醉酒的身体迹象的数量。
共调查了 7028 名顾客，n=5273 人纳入分析。平均年龄为 23.9 岁（SD=6.36）；61.5%为男性。在不同 BAC 水平下，所有可观察到的醉酒症状的发生情况存在显著差异（P<0.001）。随着醉酒程度的增加，所有可见的醉酒症状变得更加常见，除了说话很快/健谈和傻笑症状。随着 BAC 水平的升高，自我报告和访谈者评估的醉酒程度之间的差异程度扩大。表现出四个或更多可见的醉酒症状，成为观察者识别醉酒顾客的可靠方法。
随着 BAC 的增加，人们对自己的醉酒程度的估计能力会下降，但清醒的观察者仍然相对准确。研究结果为加强和执行负责任的酒精服务提供了支持。
