Centre for Public Health, Liverpool John Moores University, 5th Floor Kingsway House, Hatton Garden, Liverpool, L3 2AJ, UK.
Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy. 2010 Apr 20;5:5. doi: 10.1186/1747-597X-5-5.
Management of nightlife in UK cities focuses on creating safe places for individuals to drink. Little is known about intoxication levels as measuring total alcohol consumption on nights out is complicated by early evening interviews missing subsequent consumption and later interviews risking individuals being too drunk to recall consumption or participate at all. Here we assess mixed survey and modelling techniques as a methodological approach to examining these issues.
Interviews with a cross sectional sample of nightlife patrons (n = 214) recruited at different locations in three cities established alcohol consumption patterns up to the point of interview, self-assessed drunkenness and intended drinking patterns throughout the remaining night out. Researchers observed individuals' behaviours to independently assess drunkenness. Breath alcohol tests and general linear modelling were used to model blood alcohol levels at participants' expected time of leaving nightlife settings.
At interview 49.53% of individuals regarded themselves as drunk and 79.43% intended to consume more alcohol before returning home, with around one in ten individuals (15.38% males; 4.35% females) intending to consume >40 units (equal to 400 mls of pure alcohol). Self-assessed drunkenness, researcher observed measures of sobriety and blood alcohol levels all correlated well. Modelled estimates for blood alcohol at time of going home suggested that 71.68% of males would be over 0.15%BAC (gms alcohol/100 mls blood). Higher blood alcohol levels were related to drinking later into the night.
UK nightlife has used substantive health and judicial resources with the aim of creating safer and later drinking environments. Survey and modelling techniques together can help characterise the condition of drinkers when using and leaving these settings. Here such methods identified patrons as routinely getting drunk, with risks of drunkenness increasing over later nights. Without preventing drunkenness and sales to intoxicated individuals, extended drinking hours can simply act as havens for drunks. A public health approach to nightlife is needed to better understand and take into account the chronic effects of drunkenness, the damages arising after drunk individuals leave city centres and the costs of people avoiding drunken city centres at night.
英国城市的夜生活管理侧重于为个人创造安全的饮酒场所。由于在深夜采访中会错过随后的饮酒量，而在后期采访中又存在个人醉酒而无法回忆或根本无法参与的风险，因此，对于外出夜生活期间的总饮酒量，目前还不太了解醉酒程度。在这里，我们评估了混合调查和建模技术作为研究这些问题的一种方法。
在三个城市的不同地点对夜总会顾客进行了横断面样本的访谈（n = 214），这些访谈确定了截至访谈时的饮酒模式、自我评估的醉酒程度以及整个剩余夜生活的预期饮酒模式。研究人员观察个人行为以独立评估醉酒程度。使用呼气酒精测试和广义线性模型来模拟参与者离开夜生活场所时的血液酒精水平。
在访谈时，49.53%的人认为自己喝醉了，79.43%的人打算在回家前再喝一些酒，大约十分之一的人（男性 15.38%；女性 4.35%）打算喝>40 个单位（等于 400 毫升纯酒精）。自我评估的醉酒程度、研究人员观察到的清醒度测量值和血液酒精水平都很好地相关。回家时的血液酒精水平模型估计表明，71.68%的男性血液酒精浓度将超过 0.15%BAC（克酒精/100 毫升血液）。较高的血液酒精水平与深夜饮酒有关。
英国的夜生活已经投入了大量的健康和司法资源，旨在营造更安全、更晚的饮酒环境。调查和建模技术可以共同帮助描述在使用和离开这些场所时饮酒者的状况。在这里，这些方法确定了顾客通常会喝醉，而且随着夜晚的推移，醉酒的风险会增加。如果不防止醉酒和向醉酒者销售酒类，延长饮酒时间只会成为醉汉的避风港。需要采取一种公共卫生方法来了解和考虑醉酒的慢性影响、醉酒者离开市中心后产生的损害以及人们夜间避免醉酒市中心的成本。
