Byczkowicz Niklas, Ritzau-Jost Andreas, Delvendahl Igor, Hallermann Stefan
Carl-Ludwig-Institute for Physiology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr. 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Neurosci Res. 2018 Feb;127:61-69. doi: 10.1016/j.neures.2017.10.013. Epub 2017 Dec 6.
In the central nervous system, the frequency at which reliable synaptic transmission can be maintained varies strongly between different types of synapses. Several pre- and postsynaptic processes must interact to enable high-frequency synaptic transmission. One of the mechanistically most challenging issues arises during repetitive neurotransmitter release, when synaptic vesicles fuse in rapid sequence with the presynaptic plasma membrane within the active zone (AZ), potentially interfering with the structural integrity of the AZ itself. Here we summarize potential mechanisms that help to maintain AZ integrity, including arrangement and mobility of release sites, calcium channel mobility, as well as release site clearance via lateral diffusion of vesicular proteins and via endocytotic membrane retrieval. We discuss how different types of synapses use these strategies to maintain high-frequency synaptic transmission.
在中枢神经系统中，不同类型突触之间能够维持可靠突触传递的频率差异很大。几个突触前和突触后过程必须相互作用才能实现高频突触传递。在重复性神经递质释放过程中出现了一个机制上最具挑战性的问题，即突触小泡在活性区（AZ）内与突触前质膜快速连续融合，这可能会干扰AZ本身的结构完整性。在这里，我们总结了有助于维持AZ完整性的潜在机制，包括释放位点的排列和移动性、钙通道的移动性，以及通过囊泡蛋白的侧向扩散和内吞性膜回收进行的释放位点清除。我们讨论了不同类型的突触如何利用这些策略来维持高频突触传递。
