School of Social Work,University of Texas at Arlington,Arlington,TX,USA.
Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work,University of Southern California,Los Angeles,CA,USA.
Int Psychogeriatr. 2018 Jul;30(7):929-940. doi: 10.1017/S1041610217002654. Epub 2017 Dec 10.
ABSTRACTBackground:Acknowledging increasing demand of dementia care for patients in China, this paper aims to understand the training needs of dementia care from the perspectives of mental health providers by examining who should be the trainees, what should be the contents of training, and how to deliver the training in China.
Using purposive sampling, data were gathered via four focus group discussions with 40 mental health providers in Beijing, China, in 2011. Data were transcribed by independent investigators and then translated into English. Researchers used content analysis to separately identify themes and codes. Discrepancies were discussed until final agreement achieved.
To improve the quality of dementia care, all participants agreed there is a significant need to train both formal or professional (physicians, nurses, hospital administrators, community workers) and informal caregivers (family, friends, or non-kin hired caregivers). For formal or professional caregivers, suggested training content included clinical knowledge of dementia (i.e. pathogenesis, approaches for preventing dementia deterioration) and clinical practice skills (i.e. diagnostic, treatment, caregiving, counseling, communicating skills). For informal caregivers, basic dementia knowledge and home-based caregiving skills such as safety, restorative, stress management, and communication were identified as key training contents. Multilevel support from the government and community centers were considered crucial factors to delivering the training and educating the public to enhance awareness of dementia.
Culturally, sensitive education and specific trainings for formal and informal dementia caregivers are urgently needed in China. Policy and program implications are discussed.
本研究旨在了解精神卫生服务提供者对痴呆症照护培训的需求，探讨在中国应当对哪些人群开展培训、培训内容包括哪些方面以及如何开展培训。
采用目的抽样法，于 2011 年在北京选取 40 名精神卫生服务提供者进行了 4 组焦点小组讨论。由独立研究者对讨论内容进行转录并译为英文，然后采用内容分析法分别对主题和编码进行识别。对出现的分歧进行讨论，直至达成最终一致。
为提高痴呆症照护质量，所有参与者均认为有必要对正式或职业照护者（医生、护士、医院管理人员、社区工作者）和非正式照护者（家庭、朋友或非亲属雇佣照护者）进行培训。对于正式或职业照护者，建议的培训内容包括痴呆症的临床知识（如发病机制、预防痴呆恶化的方法）和临床实践技能（如诊断、治疗、照护、咨询和沟通技巧）。对于非正式照护者，基本的痴呆症知识和家庭照护技能（如安全、康复、压力管理和沟通）被认为是关键的培训内容。来自政府和社区中心的多层次支持被认为是开展培训和教育公众以提高对痴呆症认识的关键因素。
在中国，针对正式和非正式痴呆症照护者开展具有文化敏感性的教育和特定培训非常必要。讨论了政策和规划方面的启示。
