Bond Bert, Weston Kathryn L, Williams Craig A, Barker Alan R
Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre, Sport and Health Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
School of Health and Social Care, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, UK.
Open Access J Sports Med. 2017 Nov 27;8:243-265. doi: 10.2147/OAJSM.S127395. eCollection 2017.
Physical activity lowers future cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk; however, few children and adolescents achieve the recommended minimum amount of daily activity. Accordingly, there is virtue in identifying the efficacy of small volumes of high-intensity exercise for health benefits in children and adolescents for the primary prevention of CVD risk. The purpose of this narrative review is to provide a novel overview of the available literature concerning high-intensity interval-exercise (HIIE) interventions in children and adolescents. Specifically, the following areas are addressed: 1) outlining the health benefits observed following a single bout of HIIE, 2) reviewing the role of HIIE training in the management of pediatric obesity, and 3) discussing the effectiveness of school-based HIIE training. In total, 39 HIIE intervention studies were included in this review. Based upon the available data, a single bout of high-intensity exercise provides a potent stimulus for favorable, acute changes across a range of cardiometabolic outcomes that are often superior to a comparative bout of moderate-intensity exercise (14 studies reviewed). HIIE also promotes improvements in cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiometabolic health status in overweight and obese children and adolescents (10 studies reviewed) and when delivered in the school setting (15 studies reviewed). We thus conclude that high-intensity exercise is a feasible and potent method of improving a range of cardiometabolic outcomes in children and adolescents. However, further work is needed to optimize the delivery of HIIE interventions in terms of participant enjoyment and acceptability, to include a wider range of health outcomes, and to control for important confounding variables (eg, changes in diet and habitual physical activity). Finally, research into the application of HIIE training interventions to children and adolescents of different ages, sexes, pubertal status, and sociocultural backgrounds is required.
体育活动可降低未来患心血管疾病（CVD）的风险；然而，很少有儿童和青少年达到建议的每日最低活动量。因此，确定少量高强度运动对儿童和青少年健康有益以预防CVD风险具有重要意义。本叙述性综述的目的是对有关儿童和青少年高强度间歇运动（HIIE）干预的现有文献进行新颖的概述。具体而言，探讨以下几个方面：1）概述单次HIIE后观察到的健康益处，2）回顾HIIE训练在儿童肥胖管理中的作用，3）讨论基于学校的HIIE训练的有效性。本综述共纳入39项HIIE干预研究。根据现有数据，单次高强度运动能有力地刺激一系列心脏代谢指标产生有利的急性变化，这些变化通常优于同等时长的中等强度运动（共回顾14项研究）。HIIE还能改善超重和肥胖儿童及青少年的心肺适能和心脏代谢健康状况（共回顾10项研究），并且在学校环境中实施时也有同样效果（共回顾15项研究）。因此，我们得出结论，高强度运动是改善儿童和青少年一系列心脏代谢指标的可行且有效的方法。然而，还需要进一步开展工作，在参与者的愉悦感和接受度方面优化HIIE干预的实施，纳入更广泛的健康指标，并控制重要的混杂变量（如饮食和日常体育活动的变化）。最后，需要研究HIIE训练干预在不同年龄、性别、青春期状态和社会文化背景的儿童和青少年中的应用情况。
