3D 类器官中人类大脑发育建模的现状与未来。

Present and future of modeling human brain development in 3D organoids.

机构信息

Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.

出版信息

Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2017 Dec;49:47-52. doi: 10.1016/j.ceb.2017.11.010. Epub 2017 Dec 8.

DOI:10.1016/j.ceb.2017.11.010

PMID:29227864

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) brain organoids derived from human pluripotent stem cells hold great potential to investigate complex human genetic states and to model aspects of human brain development and pathology. However, the field of brain organoids is still in its infancy, and their use has been limited by their variability and their inability to differentiate into 3D structures with reproducible anatomical organization. Here, starting from a review of basic principles of in vitro 'brain organogenesis', we discuss which aspects of human brain development and disease can be faithfully modeled with current brain organoid protocols, and discuss improvements that would allow them to become reliable tools to investigate complex features of human brain development and disease.

摘要

三维（3D）脑类器官源自人类多能干细胞，具有极大的潜力来研究复杂的人类遗传状态，并对人类大脑发育和病理学的各个方面进行建模。然而，脑类器官领域仍处于起步阶段，其应用受到其可变性和无法分化为具有可重复解剖结构的 3D 结构的限制。在这里，我们从对体外“脑类器官发生”基本原理的回顾开始，讨论了当前脑类器官方案可以忠实地模拟哪些人类大脑发育和疾病方面，并讨论了可以改进它们的方法，使其成为研究人类大脑发育和疾病复杂特征的可靠工具。