Sun Yubing, Ikeuchi Yoshiho, Guo Feng, Hyun Insoo, Ming Guo-Li, Fu Jianping
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
Institute of Industrial Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan; Institute for AI and Beyond, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan.
Cell Stem Cell. 2025 May 1;32(5):689-709. doi: 10.1016/j.stem.2025.03.014.
Neural organoids have been utilized to recapitulate different aspects of the developing nervous system. While hailed as promising experimental tools for studying human neural development and neuropathology, current neural organoids do not fully recapitulate the anatomy or microcircuitry-level functionality of the developing brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nervous system. In this review, we discuss emerging bioengineering approaches that control morphogen signals and biophysical microenvironments, which have improved the efficiency, fidelity, and utility of neural organoids. Furthermore, advancements in bioengineered tools have facilitated more sophisticated analyses of neural organoid functions and applications, including improved neural-bioelectronic interfaces and organoid-based information processing. Emerging bioethical issues associated with advanced neural organoids are also discussed. Future opportunities of neural organoid research lie in enhancing their fidelity, maturity, and complexity and expanding their applications in a scalable manner.
神经类器官已被用于重现发育中神经系统的不同方面。尽管被誉为研究人类神经发育和神经病理学的有前景的实验工具，但目前的神经类器官并未完全重现发育中的脑、脊髓或周围神经系统的解剖结构或微电路水平的功能。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了控制形态发生素信号和生物物理微环境的新兴生物工程方法，这些方法提高了神经类器官的效率、保真度和实用性。此外，生物工程工具的进步促进了对神经类器官功能和应用的更复杂分析，包括改进的神经生物电子接口和基于类器官的信息处理。还讨论了与先进神经类器官相关的新兴生物伦理问题。神经类器官研究的未来机遇在于提高其保真度、成熟度和复杂性，并以可扩展的方式扩大其应用。
