Lu Jonathan, Ramirez Robert A
Department of Hematology and Oncology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA.
The University of Queensland School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA.
Ochsner J. 2017 Winter;17(4):379-387.
The development of immune checkpoint inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of cancer. Their use in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remains in its infancy, but rapid progress has been made in treating metastatic NSCLC.
This article outlines the role of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of malignancy and reviews clinical trials of novel immunotherapies in the setting of metastatic NSCLC.
Traditional chemotherapy with a platinum-based doublet has long been the backbone in the treatment of metastatic NSCLC. While the treatment of NSCLC can be targeted to specific mutations such as epidermal growth factor receptor, these subgroups are rare. The development of immunotherapy has expanded the treatment options for patients who have failed initial chemotherapy. Additionally, new studies have shown positive results for the use of immunotherapy in the first-line setting under certain conditions, allowing pembrolizumab to become the first immunotherapy to be approved in the first-line setting.
Treatment of NSCLC is constantly changing, and new immune checkpoint inhibitors have shown promising results. Clinical trials are examining their use in the adjuvant setting and in combination with other therapies, and these combination therapies have the potential to show even greater benefits and broader applications than the individual drugs themselves.
免疫检查点抑制剂的发展彻底改变了癌症治疗方式。它们在非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）中的应用尚处于起步阶段，但在转移性NSCLC的治疗方面已取得快速进展。
本文概述了免疫检查点抑制剂在恶性肿瘤治疗中的作用，并回顾了转移性NSCLC背景下新型免疫疗法的临床试验。
长期以来，以铂类双药联合为主的传统化疗一直是转移性NSCLC治疗的支柱。虽然NSCLC的治疗可以针对特定突变，如表皮生长因子受体，但这些亚组情况较为罕见。免疫疗法的发展为初始化疗失败的患者扩展了治疗选择。此外，新研究表明在某些条件下免疫疗法用于一线治疗取得了阳性结果，使派姆单抗成为首个在一线治疗中获批的免疫疗法。
NSCLC的治疗在不断变化，新的免疫检查点抑制剂已显示出有前景的结果。临床试验正在研究它们在辅助治疗中的应用以及与其他疗法联合使用的情况，这些联合疗法有可能比单一药物本身显示出更大的益处和更广泛的应用。
