Pacific Research Centre for the Prevention of Obesity and Noncommunicable Diseases (C-POND), Fiji National University, Nasinu, Suva, Fiji.
The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney NSW 2052, Australia.
Nutrients. 2017 Dec 12;9(12):1350. doi: 10.3390/nu9121350.
Reducing population salt intake is a global public health priority due to the potential to save lives and reduce the burden on the healthcare system through decreased blood pressure. This implementation science research project set out to measure salt consumption patterns and to assess the impact of a complex, multi-faceted intervention to reduce population salt intake in Fiji between 2012 and 2016. The intervention combined initiatives to engage food businesses to reduce salt in foods and meals with targeted consumer behavior change programs. There were 169 participants at baseline (response rate 28.2%) and 272 at 20 months (response rate 22.4%). The mean salt intake from 24-h urine samples was estimated to be 11.7 grams per day (g/d) at baseline and 10.3 g/d after 20 months (difference: -1.4 g/day, 95% CI -3.1 to 0.3, = 0.115). Sub-analysis showed a statistically significant reduction in female salt intake in the Central Division but no differential impact in relation to age or ethnicity. Whilst the low response rate means it is not possible to draw firm conclusions about these changes, the population salt intake in Fiji, at 10.3 g/day, is still twice the World Health Organization's (WHO) recommended maximum intake. This project also assessed iodine intake levels in women of child-bearing age and found that they were within recommended guidelines. Existing policies and programs to reduce salt intake and prevent iodine deficiency need to be maintained or strengthened. Monitoring to assess changes in salt intake and to ensure that iodine levels remain adequate should be built into future surveys.
降低人群的盐摄入量是全球公共卫生的重点，因为这有可能通过降低血压来挽救生命并减轻医疗系统的负担。本实施科学研究项目旨在衡量 2012 年至 2016 年期间斐济人群的盐摄入量，并评估一项复杂的、多方面的干预措施减少人口盐摄入量的效果。该干预措施结合了使食品企业参与减少食物和膳食中盐含量的举措以及有针对性的消费者行为改变计划。基线时有 169 名参与者（回应率 28.2%），20 个月时有 272 名参与者（回应率 22.4%）。从 24 小时尿液样本中估计的盐摄入量，基线时为 11.7 克/天（g/d），20 个月后为 10.3 g/d（差异：-1.4 g/天，95%CI-3.1 至 0.3， = 0.115）。亚组分析显示，中央区女性的盐摄入量有统计学意义的降低，但在年龄或种族方面没有差异。虽然低回应率意味着不可能对这些变化得出明确的结论，但斐济的人群盐摄入量为 10.3 g/d，仍然是世界卫生组织（WHO）建议的最大摄入量的两倍。该项目还评估了育龄妇女的碘摄入量水平，发现其在建议的范围内。需要维持或加强减少盐摄入量和预防碘缺乏症的现有政策和计划。监测以评估盐摄入量的变化并确保碘水平保持充足，应纳入未来的调查。
