Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY) and Department of Physics, University of Hamburg, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany. Max-Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany.
Nanotechnology. 2018 Feb 9;29(6):062001. doi: 10.1088/1361-6528/aaa120.
The field of structural DNA nanotechnology has evolved remarkably-from the creation of artificial immobile junctions to the recent DNA-protein hybrid nanoscale shapes-in a span of about 35 years. It is now possible to create complex DNA-based nanoscale shapes and large hierarchical assemblies with greater stability and predictability, thanks to the development of computational tools and advances in experimental techniques. Although it started with the original goal of DNA-assisted structure determination of difficult-to-crystallize molecules, DNA nanotechnology has found its applications in a myriad of fields. In this review, we cover some of the basic and emerging assembly principles: hybridization, base stacking/shape complementarity, and protein-mediated formation of nanoscale structures. We also review various applications of DNA nanostructures, with special emphasis on some of the biophysical applications that have been reported in recent years. In the outlook, we discuss further improvements in the assembly of such structures, and explore possible future applications involving super-resolved fluorescence, single-particle cryo-electron (cryo-EM) and x-ray free electron laser (XFEL) nanoscopic imaging techniques, and in creating new synergistic designer materials.
结构 DNA 纳米技术领域在大约 35 年的时间里取得了显著的发展——从人工固定连接的创建到最近的 DNA-蛋白质混合纳米形状。由于计算工具的发展和实验技术的进步，现在有可能创建更稳定、更可预测的复杂基于 DNA 的纳米形状和大型层次组装体。尽管它最初的目标是 DNA 辅助难以结晶分子的结构确定，但 DNA 纳米技术已经在众多领域找到了应用。在这篇综述中，我们介绍了一些基本的和新兴的组装原则：杂交、碱基堆积/形状互补和蛋白质介导的纳米结构形成。我们还回顾了 DNA 纳米结构的各种应用，特别强调了近年来报道的一些生物物理应用。在展望中，我们讨论了进一步改进这些结构组装的方法，并探索了涉及超分辨荧光、单颗粒冷冻电子显微镜(cryo-EM)和 X 射线自由电子激光(XFEL)纳米成像技术以及创建新协同设计材料的可能未来应用。
