Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Department of Botany and Plant Biology, Section of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
Trends Plant Sci. 2018 Mar;23(3):260-271. doi: 10.1016/j.tplants.2017.11.007. Epub 2017 Dec 9.
Plants grow in constantly changing environments, including highly variable light intensities. Sunlight provides the energy that drives photosynthesis and is thus of the utmost importance for plant growth and the generation of oxygen, which the majority of life on Earth depends on. However, exposure to either insufficient or excess levels of light can have detrimental effects and cause light stress. Whereas exposure to insufficient light limits photosynthetic activity, resulting in 'energy starvation', exposure to excess light can damage the photosynthetic apparatus. Furthermore, strong sunlight is associated with high levels of potentially damaging UV-B radiation. Different classes of photoreceptors play important roles in coping with the negative aspects of sunlight, for which specific mechanisms are emerging that are reviewed here.
植物生长在不断变化的环境中，包括高度变化的光照强度。阳光提供了驱动光合作用的能量，因此对植物生长和氧气生成至关重要，而地球上的大多数生命都依赖于氧气。然而，暴露于光照不足或过度的水平下都会产生有害影响，并导致光胁迫。虽然暴露于光照不足会限制光合作用活动，导致“能量饥饿”，但暴露于过度的光照会破坏光合作用装置。此外，强烈的阳光与潜在有害的 UV-B 辐射水平有关。不同类别的光受体在应对阳光的负面影响方面发挥着重要作用，这里综述了正在出现的特定机制。
