Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Akdeniz University, Antalya, Turkey.
Department of Crop and Animal Production, Cilimli Vocational School, Duzce University, Cilimli, Duzce, Turkey.
Biometals. 2018 Feb;31(1):91-105. doi: 10.1007/s10534-017-0071-5. Epub 2017 Dec 13.
Sulfur is an essential element for all living organisms. Plants can convert inorganic sulfur into organic sulfur compounds by complex enzymatic steps. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of sulfate transporter genes (SULTRs) in the sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genome and examined expression profiles of SbSULTR genes under 200 µM cadmium (Cd) exposure. As a result of sorghum genome analysis, 11 SULTR genes were identified, including SbSULTR1;1, SbSULTR1;2, SbSULTR1;3, SbSULTR2;1, SbSULTR2;2, SbSULTR3;1, SbSULTR3;2, SbSULTR3;3, SbSULTR3;4, SbSULTR3;5, and SbSULTR4. Given names are based on phylogeny and chromosomal locations. Except SbSULTR4, all SbSULTR proteins contained Sulfate_transp (PF00916), STAS (PF01740) domains and 12 trans-membrane domains. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that four major groups were identified such as SULTR1, 2, 3, and 4 groups and SULTR4 group was separated to other SULTR groups. In promotor sequences of SbSULTR genes, many diverse cis-acting elements were found mainly related with physiological processes such as light, stress and hormone responsiveness. The expression profiles of SbSULTR genes showed that SULTR1;2, 1;3, 3;3, and 3;5 genes up-regulated in root, while expression level of SULTR4 decreased under 200 µM Cd exposure. The predicted 3D structures of SULTR proteins showed some conformational changes, suggesting functional diversities of SbSULTRs. Finally, results of this study may contribute towards understanding SbSULTR genes and their regulations and roles in Cd stress in sorghum.
硫是所有生物的必需元素。植物可以通过复杂的酶促步骤将无机硫转化为有机硫化合物。在这项研究中，我们对高粱（Sorghum bicolor）基因组中的硫酸盐转运蛋白基因（SULTRs）进行了全基因组分析，并研究了 SbSULTR 基因在 200µM 镉（Cd）暴露下的表达谱。通过高粱基因组分析，鉴定出 11 个 SULTR 基因，包括 SbSULTR1;1、SbSULTR1;2、SbSULTR1;3、SbSULTR2;1、SbSULTR2;2、SbSULTR3;1、SbSULTR3;2、SbSULTR3;3、SbSULTR3;4、SbSULTR3;5 和 SbSULTR4。给定名称基于系统发育和染色体位置。除 SbSULTR4 外，所有 SbSULTR 蛋白均含有硫酸盐转运蛋白（PF00916）、STAS（PF01740）结构域和 12 个跨膜结构域。系统发育分析表明，鉴定出四个主要组，如 SULTR1、2、3 和 4 组，而 SULTR4 组与其他 SULTR 组分离。在 SbSULTR 基因的启动子序列中，发现了许多不同的顺式作用元件，主要与光、胁迫和激素反应等生理过程有关。SbSULTR 基因的表达谱表明，SULTR1;2、1;3、3;3 和 3;5 基因在根中上调表达，而在 200µM Cd 暴露下，SULTR4 基因的表达水平下降。SULTR 蛋白的预测 3D 结构显示出一些构象变化，表明 SbSULTRs 的功能多样性。最后，本研究的结果可能有助于理解 SbSULTR 基因及其在高粱 Cd 胁迫下的调控和作用。
