Northcote R J, Canning G P, Ballantyne D
Department of Medical Cardiology, Victoria Infirmary, Glasgow.
Br Heart J. 1989 Feb;61(2):155-60. doi: 10.1136/hrt.61.2.155.
Twenty male veteran endurance runners and 20 controls underwent resting, exercise, and ambulatory electrocardiography. Four athletes and three controls satisfied voltage criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy. The PR interval was longer in the athletes and they had longer mean (SD) treadmill exercise times (19 (4) v 16 (2) min) than the controls. Four athletes but no controls had greater than 2 mm downsloping ST segment depression during exercise. During 48 hour ambulatory electrocardiography the athletes had a consistently lower heart rate but maintained a circadian variation. Profound bradycardia (less than 35 beats/min) occurred in eight athletes but only one control. Eight athletes and two controls had asystolic pauses ranging from 1.8 to 15 seconds. Six athletes had first degree heart block, four had Mobitz II second degree block, and three had complete heart block. Most conduction abnormalities occurred at night and resolved during exercise. Ventricular ectopic activity was not significantly different between the groups. Thus heart block patterns and profound bradycardia are more frequent in older athletes than their youthful counterparts.
20名男性退伍军人耐力跑运动员和20名对照组人员接受了静息、运动及动态心电图检查。4名运动员和3名对照组人员符合左心室肥厚的电压标准。运动员的PR间期较长,且他们的平均(标准差)跑步机运动时间(19(4)分钟对16(2)分钟)比对照组更长。4名运动员在运动期间出现大于2毫米的下斜型ST段压低,但对照组无此情况。在48小时动态心电图检查期间,运动员的心率持续较低,但仍保持昼夜变化。8名运动员出现严重心动过缓(低于35次/分钟),而对照组仅有1人。8名运动员和2名对照组人员出现1.8至15秒的心脏停搏。6名运动员有一度房室传导阻滞,4名有莫氏Ⅱ型二度阻滞,3名有完全性心脏阻滞。大多数传导异常发生在夜间,运动时缓解。两组之间室性异位活动无显著差异。因此,老年运动员比年轻运动员更易出现心脏阻滞模式和严重心动过缓。