Fortes Leonardo S, da Costa Bruna D V, Paes Pedro P, do Nascimento Júnior José R A, Fiorese Lenamar, Ferreira Maria E C
Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.
Graduate Program of Physical Education, Federal University of Vale do São Francisco, Petrolina, Brazil.
J Sports Sci Med. 2017 Dec 1;16(4):498-504. eCollection 2017 Dec.
The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between competitive anxiety and heart rate variability (HRV) in swimming athletes. A total of 66 volunteers (41 male and 27 female) who swam the 400-m freestyle in the Brazilian Swimming Championships participated. Thirty minutes before the 400-m freestyle event, the athletes answered the Competitive Anxiety Inventory (CSAI-2R) questionnaire, then underwent anthropometric (body weight, height, and skinfold thickness) and HRV measurements. Then, at a second meeting, held 3 h after the 400-m freestyle event, the athletes returned to the evaluation room for HRV measurement (Polar RS800cx, Kempele, Finland). Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between competitive anxiety and HRV. The multiple linear regression was performed in three blocks (block 1: cognitive anxiety, block 2: somatic anxiety, and block 3: self-confidence), adopting the forward model. The results indicated a significant association between cognitive anxiety (p = 0.001) and HRV. An increased magnitude of the association was observed when somatic anxiety was inserted in the model (p = 0.001). In contrast, self-confidence showed, which was inserted in block 3, no relationship with HRV (p = 0.27). It was concluded that cognitive and somatic anxieties were associated with the HRV of swimmers. Athletes with a high magnitude of cognitive and/or somatic anxiety demonstrated more significant autonomic nervous system disturbance. Practically, psychological interventions are needed to improve anxiety states that are specific to perform well, and to improve HRV.
本研究旨在分析游泳运动员的竞赛焦虑与心率变异性（HRV）之间的关系。共有66名志愿者（41名男性和27名女性）参与了巴西游泳锦标赛的400米自由泳比赛。在400米自由泳比赛前30分钟，运动员们回答了竞赛焦虑量表（CSAI - 2R）问卷，然后进行了人体测量（体重、身高和皮褶厚度）以及HRV测量。然后，在400米自由泳比赛后3小时举行的第二次会面中，运动员们回到评估室进行HRV测量（使用芬兰凯姆佩莱的 Polar RS800cx）。采用多元线性回归来评估竞赛焦虑与HRV之间的关系。多元线性回归分三个模块进行（模块1：认知焦虑，模块2：躯体焦虑，模块3：自信心），采用向前模型。结果表明认知焦虑（p = 0.001）与HRV之间存在显著关联。当将躯体焦虑纳入模型时，观察到关联程度增加（p = 0.001）。相比之下，在模块3中纳入的自信心与HRV无关系（p = 0.27）。得出的结论是，认知焦虑和躯体焦虑与游泳运动员的HRV相关。认知和/或躯体焦虑程度高的运动员表现出更明显的自主神经系统紊乱。实际上，需要进行心理干预来改善特定于良好表现的焦虑状态，并改善HRV。
