Alderson-Day Ben, Fernyhough Charles
Department of Psychology, Durham University, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE.
J Conscious Stud. 2016 Jan 1;23:163-194.
Auditory verbal hallucinations (AVH) are experiences of hearing voices in the absence of an external speaker. Standard explanatory models propose that AVH arise from misattributed verbal cognitions (i.e. inner speech), but provide little account of how heard voices often have a distinct persona and agency. Here we review the argument that AVH have important social and agent-like properties and consider how different neurocognitive approaches to AVH can account for these elements, focusing on inner speech, memory, and predictive processing. We then evaluate the possible role of separate social-cognitive processes in the development of AVH, before outlining three ways in which speech and language processes already involve socially important information, such as cues to interact with others. We propose that when these are taken into account, the social characteristics of AVH can be explained without an appeal to separate social-cognitive systems.
听幻觉（AVH）是指在没有外部说话者的情况下听到声音的体验。标准的解释模型认为，听幻觉源于错误归因的言语认知（即内心言语），但对于听到的声音为何常常具有独特的人格和能动性却鲜有说明。在此，我们回顾了关于听幻觉具有重要社会和类似能动性属性的观点，并思考不同的听幻觉神经认知方法如何解释这些要素，重点关注内心言语、记忆和预测性加工。然后，我们评估了单独的社会认知过程在听幻觉发展中可能发挥的作用，接着概述了言语和语言过程已经涉及社会重要信息（如与他人互动线索）的三种方式。我们提出，考虑到这些因素后，无需诉诸单独的社会认知系统就能解释听幻觉的社会特征。
