Shiel Lisha, Demjén Zsófia, Bell Vaughan
Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, UK.
UCL Centre for Applied Linguistics, University College London, UK.
Br J Clin Psychol. 2022 Jun;61(2):349-363. doi: 10.1111/bjc.12329. Epub 2021 Sep 19.
Psychosis has a strong social component and often involves the experience of being affected by 'illusory social agents'. However, this experience remains under-characterized, particularly for social agents in delusions and non-vocal hallucinations. One useful approach is a form of computational linguistics called corpus linguistics that studies texts to identify patterns of meaning encoded in both the semantics and linguistic structure of the text.
Twenty people living with psychosis were recruited from community and inpatient services. They participated in open-ended interviews on their experiences of social agents in psychosis and completed a measure of psychotic symptoms. Corpus linguistics analysis was used to identify key phenomenological features of vocal and non-vocal social agents in psychosis.
Social agents i) are represented with varying levels of richness in participants' experiences, ii) are attributed with different kinds of identities including physical characteristics and names, iii) are perceived to have internal states and motivations that are different from those of the participants, and iv) interact with participants in various ways including through communicative speech acts, affecting participants' bodies, and moving through space. These representations were equally rich for agents associated with hallucinated voices and those associated with non-vocal hallucinations and delusions.
We show that the experience of illusory social agents is a rich and complex social experience reflecting many aspects of genuine social interaction and is not solely present in auditory hallucinations, but also in delusions and non-vocal hallucinations.
The experience of being affected by illusory social agents in psychosis extends beyond hallucinated voices. They are a rich and complex social experience reflecting many aspects of genuine social interaction. These are also likely to be a source of significant distress and disability.
精神病具有很强的社会成分，常常涉及受“虚幻社会主体”影响的体验。然而，这种体验的特征仍未得到充分描述，尤其是对于妄想和非言语幻觉中的社会主体而言。一种有用的方法是一种名为语料库语言学的计算语言学形式，它通过研究文本以识别编码在文本语义和语言结构中的意义模式。
从社区和住院服务机构招募了20名患有精神病的人。他们就其在精神病中对社会主体的体验参与了开放式访谈，并完成了一项精神病症状测量。语料库语言学分析被用于识别精神病中言语和非言语社会主体的关键现象学特征。
社会主体：i）在参与者的体验中有着不同程度的丰富呈现；ii）被赋予了不同类型的身份，包括身体特征和名字；iii）被认为具有与参与者不同的内在状态和动机；iv）以各种方式与参与者互动，包括通过交际言语行为、影响参与者的身体以及在空间中移动。这些呈现对于与幻听相关的主体以及与非言语幻觉和妄想相关的主体同样丰富。
我们表明，虚幻社会主体的体验是一种丰富而复杂的社会体验，反映了真实社会互动的许多方面，不仅存在于幻听中，也存在于妄想和非言语幻觉中。
在精神病中受虚幻社会主体影响的体验不仅限于幻听。它们是一种丰富而复杂的社会体验，反映了真实社会互动的许多方面。这些也很可能是严重痛苦和残疾的一个来源。
