Moosavy Seyed Hamid, Davoodian Parivash, Nazarnezhad Mirza Ali, Nejatizaheh Abdolazim, Eftekhar Ebrahim, Mahboobi Hamidreza
M.D., Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist, Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran.
M.D., Infectionist, Associate Professor, Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran.
Electron Physician. 2017 Oct 25;9(10):5646-5656. doi: 10.19082/5646. eCollection 2017 Oct.
Hepatitis C infection is one of the main causes of chronic liver disorders worldwide. Nearly three percent (3%) of the world population has an HCV infection. Prevalence of HCV infection was higher in some groups such as injected drug users (IDUs) and HIV positive populations. Acute hepatitis has proven asymptomatic in most cases, and delay of diagnosis might lead to late onset of hepatocellular carcinoma and cirrhosis. Some host characteristics such as age, gender, body mass index, and viral properties are associated with HCV outcome hepatitis. Although disease progression is typically slow, some risk factors such as alcohol abuse and coinfection of patients with HBV and HIV can worsen the disease. On the other hand, viral overload is one of the main causes of prediction of HCV infection outcome. Prevalence of HCV infection will increase if we do not consider means of transmission, virus behaviors, and immunologic responses. Rapid diagnostic tests can help us to create preventive strategies among undeveloped villages and prisoners. Screening and training of the high-risk population such as IV drug users, dialysis patients, and hemophiliacs must be one of main HCV preventive programs. The present review is intended to help health policymakers to design suitable preventive and management programs.
丙型肝炎感染是全球慢性肝脏疾病的主要病因之一。全球近3%的人口感染了丙肝病毒（HCV）。在一些群体中，如注射吸毒者（IDU）和艾滋病毒阳性人群，HCV感染的患病率更高。在大多数情况下，急性肝炎已被证明是无症状的，诊断延迟可能导致肝细胞癌和肝硬化的晚期发病。一些宿主特征，如年龄、性别、体重指数和病毒特性与丙型肝炎的预后有关。虽然疾病进展通常缓慢，但一些危险因素，如酗酒以及患者同时感染乙肝病毒和艾滋病毒，会使病情恶化。另一方面，病毒载量是预测HCV感染结果的主要原因之一。如果我们不考虑传播途径、病毒行为和免疫反应，HCV感染的患病率将会增加。快速诊断测试可以帮助我们在不发达的村庄和囚犯中制定预防策略。对高危人群，如静脉吸毒者、透析患者和血友病患者进行筛查和培训，必须是主要的丙肝预防项目之一。本综述旨在帮助卫生政策制定者设计合适的预防和管理项目。
