Institute of Applied Mechanics and Biomedical Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030024, China.
School of Engineering and Informatics, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QJ, UK.
J Healthc Eng. 2017;2017:9298061. doi: 10.1155/2017/9298061. Epub 2017 Nov 7.
Total knee replacement (TKR) has been performed for patients with end-stage knee joint arthritis to relieve pain and gain functions. Most knee replacement patients can gain satisfactory knee functions; however, the range of motion of the implanted knee is variable. There are many designs of TKR implants; it has been suggested by some researchers that customized implants could offer a better option for patients. Currently, the 3-dimensional knee model of a patient can be created from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) data using image processing techniques. The knee models can be used for patient-specific implant design, biomechanical analysis, and creating bone cutting guide blocks. Researchers have developed patient-specific musculoskeletal lower limb model with total knee replacement, and the models can be used to predict muscle forces, joint forces on knee condyles, and wear of tibial polyethylene insert. These available techniques make it feasible to create customized implants for individual patients. Methods and a workflow of creating a customized total knee replacement implant for improving TKR kinematics and functions are discussed and presented in this paper.
全膝关节置换术（TKR）已广泛应用于膝关节终末期骨关节炎患者，以缓解疼痛和恢复功能。大多数膝关节置换患者可以获得满意的膝关节功能，但植入膝关节的活动范围是可变的。TKR 植入物有许多设计；一些研究人员认为，定制植入物可为患者提供更好的选择。目前，可以使用图像处理技术从磁共振成像（MRI）或计算机断层扫描（CT）数据中创建患者的三维膝关节模型。膝关节模型可用于患者特定的植入物设计、生物力学分析和创建骨切割导向块。研究人员已经开发出带有全膝关节置换的患者特异性肌肉骨骼下肢模型，该模型可用于预测肌肉力、膝关节髁上的关节力和胫骨聚乙烯插入物的磨损。这些现有技术使得为个体患者创建定制植入物成为可能。本文讨论并介绍了一种用于改善 TKR 运动学和功能的定制全膝关节置换植入物的方法和工作流程。
