Huang Weiguo, Diallo Abdou Karim, Dailey Jennifer L, Besar Kalpana, Katz Howard E
Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 North Charles Street, 206 Maryland Hall, Baltimore, MD, USA.
J Mater Chem C Mater. 2015;3(25):6445-6470. doi: 10.1039/C5TC00755K. Epub 2015 Apr 27.
Electronic biosensing is a leading technology for determining concentrations of biomolecules. In some cases, the presence of an analyte molecule induces a measured change in current flow, while in other cases, a new potential difference is established. In the particular case of a field effect biosensor, the potential difference is monitored as a change in conductance elsewhere in the device, such as across a film of an underlying semiconductor. Often, the mechanisms that lead to these responses are not specifically determined. Because improved understanding of these mechanisms will lead to improved performance, it is important to highlight those studies where various mechanistic possibilities are investigated. This review explores a range of possible mechanistic contributions to field-effect biosensor signals. First, we define the field-effect biosensor and the chemical interactions that lead to the field effect, followed by a section on theoretical and mechanistic background. We then discuss materials used in field-effect biosensors and approaches to improving signals from field-effect biosensors. We specifically cover the biomolecule interactions that produce local electric fields, structures and processes at interfaces between bioanalyte solutions and electronic materials, semiconductors used in biochemical sensors, dielectric layers used in top-gated sensors, and mechanisms for converting the surface voltage change to higher signal/noise outputs in circuits.
电子生物传感是测定生物分子浓度的一项前沿技术。在某些情况下，分析物分子的存在会引起测量电流的变化，而在其他情况下，则会建立新的电位差。在场效应生物传感器的特定情况下，电位差作为器件其他部位（如跨底层半导体薄膜）电导的变化进行监测。通常，导致这些响应的机制尚未明确确定。由于更好地理解这些机制将带来性能的提升，因此突出那些对各种机制可能性进行研究的工作非常重要。本综述探讨了对场效应生物传感器信号的一系列可能的机制贡献。首先，我们定义场效应生物传感器以及导致场效应的化学相互作用，接着是关于理论和机制背景的部分。然后，我们讨论场效应生物传感器中使用的材料以及增强场效应生物传感器信号的方法。我们具体涵盖了产生局部电场的生物分子相互作用、生物分析物溶液与电子材料界面处的结构和过程、生化传感器中使用的半导体、顶栅传感器中使用的介电层，以及将表面电压变化转换为电路中更高信噪比输出的机制。
