Börner Andreas, Nagel Manuela, Agacka-Mołdoch Monika, Gierke Peter Ulrich, Oberforster Michael, Albrecht Theresa, Mohler Volker
Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, 06466, Stadt Seeland, Germany.
Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100, Puławy, Poland.
J Appl Genet. 2018 Feb;59(1):35-42. doi: 10.1007/s13353-017-0422-5. Epub 2017 Dec 14.
Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) and seed longevity (SL) are complex biological processes of major importance for agricultural production. In the present study, a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the German winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars History and Rubens was used to identify genetic factors controlling these two physiological seed traits. A falling number (FN) test was employed to evaluate PHS, while SL was measured using a germination test (and the speed of germination) after controlled deterioration. FN of the population was assessed in four environments; SL traits were measured in one environment. Four major quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FN were detected on chromosomes 4D, 5A, 5D, and 7B, whereas for SL traits, a major QTL was found on chromosome 1A. The FN QTL on chromosome 4D that coincided with the position of the dwarfing gene Rht-D1b only had effects in environments that were free of PHS. The remaining three QTL for FN were mostly pronounced under conditions conducive to PHS. The QTL on the long arm of chromosome 7B corresponded to the major gene locus controlling late maturity α-amylase (LMA) in wheat. The severity of the LMA phenotype became truly apparent under sprouting conditions. The position on the long arm of chromosome 1A of the QTL for SL points to a new QTL for this important regenerative seed trait.
收获前发芽（PHS）和种子寿命（SL）是对农业生产至关重要的复杂生物学过程。在本研究中，利用源自德国冬小麦（Triticum aestivum L.）品种History和Rubens杂交的重组自交系（RIL）群体来鉴定控制这两个种子生理性状的遗传因素。采用降落数值（FN）试验评估PHS，而通过在控制劣变后进行发芽试验（及发芽速度）来测定SL。在四个环境中评估群体的FN；在一个环境中测量SL性状。在4D、5A、5D和7B染色体上检测到四个主要的FN数量性状位点（QTL），而对于SL性状，在1A染色体上发现了一个主要QTL。位于4D染色体上与矮秆基因Rht-D1b位置重合的FN QTL仅在无PHS的环境中有效应。其余三个FN QTL在有利于PHS的条件下大多表现明显。位于7B染色体长臂上的QTL对应于控制小麦晚熟α-淀粉酶（LMA）的主要基因座。在发芽条件下，LMA表型的严重程度才真正显现出来。控制SL的QTL在1A染色体长臂上的位置指向一个控制这一重要种子再生性状的新QTL。
