Benagiano Vincenzo, Rizzi Anna, Lorusso Loredana, Flace Paolo, Saccia Matteo, Cagiano Raffaele, Ribatti Domenico, Roncali Luisa, Ambrosi Glauco
Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neurosciences and Sensory Organs, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari, Bari, Italy.
J Comp Neurol. 2018 Apr 1;526(5):769-789. doi: 10.1002/cne.24361. Epub 2017 Dec 26.
The cerebrocerebellar circuit is a feedback circuit that bidirectionally connects the neocortex and the cerebellum. According to the classic view, the cerebrocerebellar circuit is specifically involved in the functional regulation of the motor areas of the neocortex. In recent years, studies carried out in experimental animals by morphological and physiological methods, and in humans by magnetic resonance imaging, have indicated that the cerebrocerebellar circuit is also involved in the functional regulation of the nonmotor areas of the neocortex, including the prefrontal, associative, sensory and limbic areas. Moreover, a second type of cerebrocerebellar circuit, bidirectionally connecting the hypothalamus and the cerebellum, has been detected, being specifically involved in the regulation of the hypothalamic functions. This review analyzes the morphological features of the centers and pathways of the cerebrocerebellar circuits, paying particular attention to their organization in different channels, which separately connect the cerebellum with the motor areas and nonmotor areas of the neocortex, and with the hypothalamus. Actually, a considerable amount of new data have led, and are leading, to profound changes on the views on the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the cerebrocerebellar circuits, so much they may be now considered to be essential for the functional regulation of many neocortex areas, perhaps all, as well as of the hypothalamus and of the limbic system. Accordingly, clinical studies have pointed out an involvement of the cerebrocerebellar circuits in the pathophysiology of an increasing number of neuropsychiatric disorders.
大脑小脑回路是一种双向连接新皮层和小脑的反馈回路。根据经典观点，大脑小脑回路专门参与新皮层运动区域的功能调节。近年来，通过形态学和生理学方法在实验动物中以及通过磁共振成像在人类中进行的研究表明，大脑小脑回路也参与新皮层非运动区域的功能调节，包括前额叶、联合、感觉和边缘区域。此外，还检测到了第二种类型的大脑小脑回路，它双向连接下丘脑和小脑，专门参与下丘脑功能的调节。本综述分析了大脑小脑回路的中枢和通路的形态学特征，特别关注它们在不同通道中的组织，这些通道分别将小脑与新皮层的运动区域和非运动区域以及下丘脑连接起来。实际上，大量的新数据已经并正在导致对大脑小脑回路的解剖学、生理学和病理生理学观点的深刻变化，以至于它们现在可能被认为对于许多新皮层区域（也许是所有区域）以及下丘脑和边缘系统的功能调节至关重要。因此，临床研究指出大脑小脑回路参与了越来越多神经精神疾病的病理生理学过程。
