Hutin Yvan, Low-Beer Daniel, Bergeri Isabel, Hess Sarah, Garcia-Calleja Jesus Maria, Hayashi Chika, Mozalevskis Antons, Rinder Stengaard Annemarie, Sabin Keith, Harmanci Hande, Bulterys Marc
HIV and Hepatitis Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
Regional Office for Europe, World Health Organization, Copenhagen, Denmark.
JMIR Public Health Surveill. 2017 Dec 15;3(4):e91. doi: 10.2196/publichealth.7370.
Evidence documenting the global burden of disease from viral hepatitis was essential for the World Health Assembly to endorse the first Global Health Sector Strategy (GHSS) on viral hepatitis in May 2016. The GHSS on viral hepatitis proposes to eliminate viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. The GHSS on viral hepatitis is in line with targets for HIV infection and tuberculosis as part of the Sustainable Development Goals. As coordination between hepatitis and HIV programs aims to optimize the use of resources, guidance is also needed to align the strategic information components of the 2 programs. The World Health Organization monitoring and evaluation framework for viral hepatitis B and C follows an approach similar to the one of HIV, including components on the following: (1) context (prevalence of infection), (2) input, (3) output and outcome, including the cascade of prevention and treatment, and (4) impact (incidence and mortality). Data systems that are needed to inform this framework include (1) surveillance for acute hepatitis, chronic infections, and sequelae and (2) program data documenting prevention and treatment, which for the latter includes a database of patients. Overall, the commonalities between HIV and hepatitis at the strategic, policy, technical, and implementation levels justify coordination, strategic linkage, or integration, depending on the type of HIV and viral hepatitis epidemics. Strategic information is a critical area of this alignment under the principle of what gets measured gets done. It is facilitated because the monitoring and evaluation frameworks for HIV and viral hepatitis were constructed using a similar approach. However, for areas where elimination of viral hepatitis requires data that cannot be collected through the HIV program, collaborations are needed with immunization, communicable disease control, tuberculosis, and hepatology centers to ensure collection of information for the remaining indicators.
记录病毒性肝炎全球疾病负担的证据对于世界卫生大会在2016年5月批准首个关于病毒性肝炎的全球卫生部门战略(GHSS)至关重要。病毒性肝炎全球卫生部门战略提议到2030年消除病毒性肝炎这一公共卫生威胁。病毒性肝炎全球卫生部门战略与作为可持续发展目标一部分的艾滋病毒感染和结核病目标相一致。由于肝炎和艾滋病毒项目之间的协调旨在优化资源利用,因此也需要指导来使这两个项目的战略信息部分保持一致。世界卫生组织关于乙型和丙型病毒性肝炎的监测和评价框架采用了与艾滋病毒监测和评价框架类似的方法,包括以下几个方面:(1)背景(感染流行率),(2)投入,(3)产出和结果,包括预防和治疗的级联过程,以及(4)影响(发病率和死亡率)。为该框架提供信息所需的数据系统包括:(1)急性肝炎、慢性感染及其后遗症的监测,以及(2)记录预防和治疗情况的项目数据,后者包括一个患者数据库。总体而言,艾滋病毒和肝炎在战略、政策、技术和实施层面的共性证明了协调、战略联系或整合的合理性,具体取决于艾滋病毒和病毒性肝炎流行的类型。根据“衡量什么就能做到什么”的原则,战略信息是这种协调的关键领域。由于艾滋病毒和病毒性肝炎的监测和评价框架采用了类似的方法,因此这一协调得以推进。然而,对于消除病毒性肝炎需要通过艾滋病毒项目无法收集的数据的领域,需要与免疫、传染病控制、结核病和肝病中心开展合作,以确保收集其余指标的信息。