Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, Washington.
Pediatric Neurosurgery, Children's of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama.
Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2018 Jan 1;14(1):51-57. doi: 10.1093/ons/opx080.
Descriptions of intracranial extensions of vertebral venous plexuses are lacking.
To identify vertebral venous plexuses at the craniocervical junction in cadavers and describe them.
The authors dissected 15 ink-injected, formalin-fixed, adult cadaveric heads and measured cranial extensions of the spinal venous plexuses.
All specimens had vertebral venous plexuses at the craniocervical junction composed of multiple interwoven vessels concentrated anteriorly (anterior vertebral plexuses), posteriorly (posterior vertebral venous plexuses), and laterally (lateral vertebral venous plexuses). Veins making up the plexus tended to be largest for the anterior internal vertebral venous plexus. On 33%, a previously unnamed lateral internal vertebral venous plexus was identified that connected to the lateral marginal sinus. The anterior external vertebral venous plexus connected to the basilar venous plexus via transclival emissary veins in 13%; remaining veins connected either intracranially via small perforating branches through the anterior atlanto-occipital membrane (33%) or had no direct gross connections inside the cranium (53%). The anterior internal vertebral plexus, which traveled between layers of the posterior longitudinal ligament, connected to the anterior half of the marginal sinus in 33% and anterolateral parts of the marginal sinus in 20%. The posterior internal venous plexus connected to the posterior aspect of the marginal sinus on 80% and into the occipital sinus in 13.3%. The posterior external venous plexus connected to veins of the hypoglossal canal in 20% and into the posterior aspect of the marginal sinus in 13.3%.
Knowledge of these connections is useful to neurosurgeons and interventional radiologists.
目前对于颅内椎静脉丛延伸的描述较少。
在尸体中识别颅颈交界区的椎静脉丛并对其进行描述。
作者解剖了 15 具福尔马林固定、墨汁灌注的成人尸体头颅，测量了脊柱静脉丛的颅内部位延伸。
所有标本在颅颈交界区均存在由多条相互交织的血管组成的椎静脉丛，位于前方（前椎静脉丛）、后方（后椎静脉丛）和侧方（侧椎静脉丛）。组成静脉丛的静脉在前内椎静脉丛最大。在 33%的标本中，发现了一个之前未命名的侧内椎静脉丛，它与侧缘窦相连。前外椎静脉丛通过经颅穿支与基底静脉丛相连，占 13%；其余静脉要么通过前寰枕膜上的小穿支在颅内连通（33%），要么在颅内没有直接的大体连通（53%）。在前纵韧带内穿行的前内椎静脉丛在 33%的标本中与边缘窦的前半部分相连，在 20%的标本中与边缘窦的前外侧部分相连。后内椎静脉丛在 80%的标本中与边缘窦的后侧面相连，在 13.3%的标本中与枕窦相连。后外椎静脉丛在 20%的标本中与舌下神经管内的静脉相连，在 13.3%的标本中与边缘窦的后侧面相连。
了解这些连接对神经外科医生和介入放射科医生很有用。
